异地育肥肉牛的饲养管理技术

肉牛“异地育肥”已成为我国肉牛生产的一种主要模式。购入架子牛后,首先应注意减少运输应激的影响,做好过渡期的饲养管理,按体重大小、体质强弱、采食饲料快慢进行分群合栏。对于体重小于200kg的小架子牛来讲,饲养的重点是促进骨骼、内脏、肌肉的生长,使其消化器官得到锻炼,要求日粮提供优质蛋白质饲料,并供给适量的钙、磷、矿物质、维生素;体重为200~250kg的牛源,要求日粮的蛋白质含量高,可以提供充裕的粗饲料以促进其瘤胃发育;250~300kg体重阶段的架子牛,日粮以粗料为主,以精料为辅;体重达350kg的大架子牛其日粮的营养需要是前期蛋白质含量应高一些、后期能量水平要高些。牛的出栏体重越大,饲料利用率就越低,因此应根据肉牛育肥目的,适当育肥,适时出栏。

Feeding and Management Technology of Allopatry Fattening Beef Cattle

Allopatry fattening has become the main mode of beef cattle production in China.Scientific measures are expected to be taken to release the stress response of the purchased store cattle caused by long-distance transportation as soon as they arrive at the farm;the feeding and management during the transition period should be emphasized;for the purpose of precise feeding,the beef cattle individuals should be clustered into different groups according to their body weight,physical fitness and feed intake speed;for the store cattle with body weight lower than 200 kg,the crucial points of feeding are as follows:promoting the growth and development of skeleton,viscera and muscle,gradually enhancing the functions of digestive organs,providing the diet containing high-quality protein,offering appropriate concentrations of calcium,phosphorus,minerals and vitamin;for the store cattle with body weight ranging from 200 kg to 250 kg,high protein diet should be offered,and the abundant roughage should also be offered to stimulate the development of rumen;for the store cattle with body weight ranging from 250 kg to 300 kg,the diet should be composed of high-ratio roughage and complementary concentrate;when the body weight of the store cattle reaches up to 350 kg,the characteristic of the dietary nutritional requirement is that the protein content and energy level are recommended to be higher at the early and late stage of fattening period,respectively.The feed conversion ratio reduces with the increase of body weight for sale.Accordingly,the fattening strategies and marketing time of the beef cattle should be rationally applied and determined according to the fattening purpose,respectively.