胚胎移植技术的现状与展望

统计与分析了1991－2000年国际胚胎移植状况，结果表明胚胎移植已成为畜牧产业中最活跃的领域之一，胚移比例最大的依然是牛，其它各类的动物胚胎移植，如：绵羊、山羊、猪、马、鹿、美洲驼、羚羊等，也十分活跃。牛的胚胎移植，有几个重要指标分析结果如下：（1）供体牛的品种分布基本相同，肉牛与奶牛所占比例接近，但不同国家之间差别很大；（2）每头供体所得可用胚数在5－6枚之间；（3）鲜胚移植与冻胚移植的比例基本持平，但近年来冻胚移植的比例稍大于鲜胚移植；（4）通过IVF体外方式生产胚胎数目有所增长，目前每年大约在3－4万枚；（5）妊娠率、鲜胚移植妊娠率在60％以上，冻胚移植妊娠率在50％以上，IVF体外方式生产胚胎妊娠率在40％左右；（6）胚胎移植技术的发展状况在全世界分布不均衡，北美和欧洲胚移技术最成熟；（7）胚胎贸易有所增长。最后，对该技术存在的问题与发展前景提出了探讨和展望。

The Current Situation of Embryo Transfer and Its Prospect in The World

The situation and prospect of embryo transfer from 1991 to 2000 is reviewed in this article. It can be concluded that the embryo transfer industry has become into one of the active branches of husbandry industry. Bovine embryo transfer is still the largest part in this field.The embryo transfer activities of other animals are also very hot, such as sheep, goat, pig, horse, deer, llama, deer, alpaca. There are several important conclusions in the bovine embryo transfer industry: (1) the data reported indicates a wide and somewhat equal distribution between the various breeds, although it is different in different countries; (2) 5-6 embryous can be recovered per donor; (3) almost 50% are transferred as fresh embryos and 50% are transferred as frozen-thawed embryos, but the percentage of frozen-thawed embryos transfer is somehow larger than fresh embryos transfer; (4) the number of bovine in vitro-produced embryos increased steadily, almost 30,000-40,000 embryos were produced every year; (5) the pregnancy rates of fresh embryos are more than 60%, the pregnancy rates of frozen-thawed embryos are exceed 50%, the pregnancy rates of in vitro-produced embryos are about 40%; (6) the geographic distribution is not balance in the world: North America and Europe have the most perfect technology; (7) the export & import activities are also keep a slightly rising. At last, the questions and prospect of this technique are presented.