Novel reassortant H5N6 highly pathogenic influenza A viruses in Vietnamese quail outbreaks |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea;2. Central Vietnam Veterinary Institute, Nha Trang, Viet Nam;1. Inmunología y Genética Aplicada, S.A. (INGENASA), C/Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037, Madrid, Spain;2. Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria – Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA), Ctra Algete-El Casar s/n, 208130, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain;3. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC-UCLM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain;4. Estación Biológica de Doñana CSIC, Calle Américo Vespucio, s/n, 41092, Seville, Spain;5. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain;1. Departament of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil;2. Laboratory of Animal Health, Instituto Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, 65095-460, Brazil;3. Departament of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 80035-050, Brazil;1. Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand;2. Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand;3. Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand;1. Department of Parasitology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran;2. Department of Microbiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran;3. Department of infectious Diseases, Razi Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran;4. Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran;1. National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand;2. Nongkwang Livestock Breeding and Research Center, 128, Moo 10, Tambol Khaochangum, Photharam District, Ratchaburi, 70120, Thailand;3. Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan;4. Rajapruk University, Bangkhanoon, Banggruay, Nonthaburi, 11130, Thailand;5. Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University, Nongharn, Sansai District, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand |
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| Abstract: | Avian influenza A H5N6 virus is a highly contagious infectious agent that affects domestic poultry and humans in South Asian countries. Vietnam may be an evolutionary hotspot for influenza viruses and therefore could serve as a source of pandemic strains. In 2015, two novel reassortant H5N6 influenza viruses designated as A/quail/Vietnam/CVVI01/2015 and A/quail/Vietnam/CVVI03/2015 were isolated from dead quails during avian influenza outbreaks in central Vietnam, and the whole genome sequences were analyzed. The genetic analysis indicated that hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, and polymerase basic protein 2 genes of the two H5N6 viruses are most closely related to an H5N2 virus (A/chicken/Zhejiang/727079/2014) and H10N6 virus (A/chicken/Jiangxi/12782/2014) from China and an H6N6 virus (A/duck/Yamagata/061004/2014) from Japan. The HA gene of the isolates belongs to clade 2.3.4.4, which caused human fatalities in China during 2014–2016. The five other internal genes showed high identity to an H5N2 virus (A/chicken/Heilongjiang/S7/2014) from China. A whole-genome phylogenetic analysis revealed that these two outbreak strains are novel H6N6-like PB2 gene reassortants that are most closely related to influenza virus strain A/environment/Guangdong/ZS558/2015, which was detected in a live poultry market in China. This report describes the first detection of novel H5N6 reassortants in poultry during an outbreak as well as genetic characterization of these strains to better understand the antigenic evolution of influenza viruses. |
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| Keywords: | Avian influenza A virus H5N6 Vietnam |
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