Bacteria and antibiotic resistance detection in fractures of wild birds from wildlife rehabilitation centres in Spain |
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| Institution: | 1. CREW Foundation (Conservation and Research for Endangered Wildlife), Lleida, Spain;2. Research Group Microbiological Agents Associated With Animal Reproduction (PROVAGINBIO), Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA) Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Spain;1. Scientific Veterinary Institute “Novi Sad”, Novi Sad, Serbia;2. Public Health Institute of Serbia “Dr Milan Jovanovi? Batut”, Serbia;3. Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia;4. Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia;5. Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany;1. Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City 44511, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt;2. Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City 44511, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt;3. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, 44511, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt;4. Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt;5. Department of Animal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City 44511, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt;6. Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, C1A 4P3, Canada;1. Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic;2. Institute of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic;3. Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Kvetna 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic;4. Liberec Zoo, Masarykova 1347/31, 46001 Liberec, Czech Republic;5. Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic;6. Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1-3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic;7. CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic;8. WWF, Dzanga Sangha Protected Areas, Bangui, Central African Republic;9. Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Dawson Building, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom;1. Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases and Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Poultry Diseases Control, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea;2. Bio Disease Control(BIOD) Co., Ltd., Iksan, Republic of Korea;1. US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA;2. State of Alaska Department of Health and Social Services, Anchorage, AK, USA;3. Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden;4. Department of Infectious Diseases, Kalmar County Council, Kalmar, Sweden;1. Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain;2. Grupo de Rehabilitación de la Fauna Autóctona y su Hábitat (GREFA), Monte del Pilar, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain;3. Grupo de Estudio de la Medicina y Conservación de la Fauna Silvestre (GEMAS), Spain;4. Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria (Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación), Algete, Spain;5. Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Anatomic adaptations make birds more prone to open fractures with exposed bone parts losing vascularization. As a result of this exposure, fractures are colonized by different microorganisms, including different types of bacteria, both aerobic and anaerobic, causing osteomyelitis in many cases. For this reason, antibiotic treatment is common. However, carrying out antibiotic treatment without carrying out a previous antibiogram may contribute to increased resistance against antibiotics, especially in migratory wild birds. In this paper, bacterial counts regarding fracture type, bacterial identification and antibiotic resistance have been analysed in wild birds from wildlife rehabilitation centres in Spain. The results obtained showed that open fractures had higher bacterial counts (CFU/mL) than closed ones. Bacteria in family Enterobacteriaceae, identified were Escherichia spp., Enterobacter spp., Shigella spp., Hafnia alvei, Proteus mirabilis, Leclercia adecarboxylata and Pantoea agglomerans. Other bacteria present in wild birds’ fractures were Aeromonas spp., Enterococcus spp. Bacillus wiedmannii and Staphylococcus sciuri. All species found presented resistance to at least one of the antibiotics used. Wild birds can be implicated in the introduction, maintenance and global spreading of antibiotic resistant bacteria and represent an emerging public health concern. Results obtained in this paper support the idea that it is necessary to take this fact into account before antibiotic administration to wild animals, since it could increase the number of bacteria resistant to antibiotics. |
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| Keywords: | Antimicrobial resistance Bacterial counts Bone fractures Fracture contamination Wild birds |
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