Occurrence and risk factors of Coxiella burnetii in domestic ruminants in Lebanon |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy;2. Lebanese University, Doctoral School of sciences and Technology, Beirut, Lebanon;3. Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, Lebanon;4. Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia \"A. Mirri\", Italy;5. Lebanese University, Faculty of Science, Beirut, Lebanon;6. Republic of Lebanon Ministry of Agriculture, Beirut, Lebanon;7. Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell''Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy;8. Lebanese University, Faculty of Agricultural, Beirut, Lebanon;1. Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;2. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;3. Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran;4. Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;5. Isfahan Veterinary Offices, Head of Public Health Supervision Section, Isfahan, Iran;1. Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;2. Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;3. Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran;4. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;5. Isfahan Veterinary Offices, Head of Public Health Supervision Section, Isfahan, Iran;6. Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;7. Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;1. Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran;2. Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran;3. Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden;4. Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, Clinical Science Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland;5. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran;1. Toxicology-Microbiology and Environmental Health Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Tunisia;2. Veterinary Research center of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia;3. Equipe Microbiologie de l’?uf et des Ovoproduits (MICOV), Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, (UMR1253) Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’?uf, Rennes, France;1. ICAR-National Institute of Biotic Stress Management, Baronda, Raipur, 493225, India;2. Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India;3. Centre for Zoonoses, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur, 440006, India |
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| Abstract: | Coxiella burnetii causes diseases in humans (Q fever) and animals, domestic ruminants playing a major role in the epidemiology of the infection. Information on C. burnetii infection in Lebanon is scanty. In order to assess the prevalence of C. burnetii infection in ruminants, a cross-sectional study was undertaken in 2014. A total of 1633 sera from ruminants (865 cattle, 384 sheep and 384 goats) from 429 farms (173 cattle, 128 sheep and 128 goats), in seven provinces of Lebanon were randomly selected and assayed for the presence of antibodies.39.86% of farms (95% CI: 35.23–44.56) resulted positive. The seroprevalence was 30.63% in Cattle-farms, 46.88% in sheep-farms and 45.31% in goat-farms.Milk samples collected from 282 seropositive animals (86 cows, 93 sheep and 103 goats) from 171 positive farms were tested by a high sensitive Real-Time PCR targeted to the IS1111 transposon of C. burnetii. The overall prevalence in farms was estimated to be 14.04%. Cattle-, sheep- and goat farm prevalence rates were 15.09%, 10% and 17.24%, respectively.The findings of the study show that C. burnetii prevalence in Lebanese domestic ruminants is related to animal species and farming practices. Indeed, the mixed herds with sheep (p < 0.01), the presence of common lambing/kidding areas (p < 0.001) in farms where the use of disinfectants was not a routine practice (p < 0.05) were identified as important risk factors.The results of the study provide baseline information for setting up herd management and public health measures for the prevention and control of Q fever in Lebanon. |
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| Keywords: | Q fever Cattle Sheep Goats Seroprevalence Milk excretion Risk factors |
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