近50年内蒙古潜在植被地理格局时空特征分析

原生植被演替过程与环境间表现出复杂的耦合关系，通过模拟潜在植被空间分布格局变化来反映植被对环境因子长期适应和选择的重要生态过程，是研究植被地理格局的基础。本研究运用GIS及综合顺序分类法，对内蒙古自治区及周边94个气象台站近50 a气候数据分前后25 a两期的模拟，分析得到内蒙古自治区潜在植被地理格局的时空动态特征及其变化。结果表明，内蒙古自治区境内潜在植被共分为16类，归为6个类组，以荒漠和草原为主；在高平原和山前平原地区的潜在植被呈干湿地带性分布，而在大兴安岭和阴山山地地区呈垂直地带性分布。近50 a间，不但各潜在植被类型自身的面积发生变化，而且不同类型之间也有明显的演替。荒漠、半荒漠类和山地草原、典型草原类受立地气候变干影响，面积呈增加趋势并向东扩张；草甸草原类和森林草原、森林类受立地气候变干和气温升高的综合影响，面积呈减少趋势并向高纬度、高海拔地区退缩。这种演替格局反映了植被对生境和气候变化的多元适应性结构。

Potential vegetation dynamic analysis of spatial and temporal characteristics of Inner Mongolia's geographical pattern in recent 50 a

Under different environmental conditions, original vegetation succession shows significant complexity, and this is related to different geographical patterns. Based on GIS analysis and Comprehensive Sequential Classification System, the last 50 years climate data of 94 meteotological stations in and around Inner Mongolia were studied. Besides, the dynamic spatial and temporal characteristics of the geographical pattern of the potential vegetation classes in Inner Mongolia were simulated and analyzed in this study. The results showed that the potential vegetation classes in Inner Mongolia include 16 classes belonged to 6 class groups in the desert and steppe. The potential vegetation class indicated that the arid and humid zonal distribute in high plains and piedmont areas, and the vertical zonal distribute in the Yinshang Mountains and Daxinganling Mountains. In recent 50 years, there has been three have been grate changes in the specific area of various types of potential vegetation with obvious succession between different classes of potential vegetation. Affected by dry weather, the desert area, semi desert, mountain steppe and typical steppe showed an increasing eastward expansion trend. However, affected by dry weather and increasing temperature, meadow steppe, forest steppe and forest showed a decreasing, high altitude, and high latitude shrinking trend. This succession reflects plants’ adaptability to habitat and climate changes.