新疆西昆仑山禾本科植物物种多样性特点

通过实地考察和植物标本的采集与鉴定,并结合相关文献资料的查阅,对新疆西昆仑山禾本科植物物种多样性特点进行了研究。结果表明,新疆西昆仑山的禾本科植物共计37属137种,分别占新疆禾本科植物属、种总数的52.11%和42.55%,属种丰富度比较高;其中发现该区新记录植物6种。本区禾本科植物特有现象不明显,属的组成以仅含1种的属(17属17种)和少种属(13属35种)为主,共计30属52种,分别占属、种总数的81.08%和37.96%;中型属(4属32种)和较大属(3属53种)共计7属85种,分别占属、种总数的18.92%和62.04%,在种级水平占据明显优势,是该区系的主体。区系地理成分有6个分布类型和4个变型,以温带分布及其变型为主。植物生活型以多年生草本(116种,占84.67%)为主,其次为一年生草本(21种,占15.33%)。生态型以中生植物(63种,占45.99%)和旱生植物(61种,占44.53%)为主,显示其与草原、草甸的密切关系,另有少量湿生植物(13种,占9.49%)。说明该地区比较适合禾本科多年生的旱生和中生植物生长,且该区系的禾本科植物地理成分类型与该区所处地理位置为温带较吻合。

Characteristics of species diversity of gramineous plants of West Kunlun Mountains in Xinjiang

The characteristics of species diversity of gramineous plants of West Kunlun Mountains in Xinjiang were studied by field investigation,collection and identification of plant specimens,and by referring to relevant literature.The research shows that gramineous plants of West Kunlun Mountains in Xinjiang included 37 genera,and 137 species,which accounts for 52.11 and 42.55% of genera and species,respectively,of Gramineae in Xinjiang.Gramineae species richness is relatively high in Xinjiang;and six novel species were discovered.The endemism of gramineous plants is not obvious in this area,the composition of the genus is dominated by single species(17 genera and 17 species)and few species genera(13 genera and 35 species),which have totally 30 genera and 52 species,respectively accounted for 81.08% and 37.96% of genera and species.Seven genera consisting of 85 species,which were moderately(4 genera and 32 species)or largely dominant(3 genera and 53 species),accounted for 18.92 and 62.04% of the total number genera and species,respectively,which are major components of the flora.The geographical elements of the flora are divided into six types and four variants,which exhibit temperate distribution and its variants.The dominant life form is perennial herbs(116 species,accounted for 84.67%),followed by annual herb(21 species,accounted for 15.33%).The ecotype is dominated by mesophytes(63 species,accounted for 45.99%),xerophytes(61 species,accounted for 44.53%)and a small number of hygrophytes(13 species,accounted for 9.49%),showing close relationship with grassland and meadow.These results indicated that this region was more suitable for the growth of perennial xerophytes and mesophytes of Gramineae,and the geographical distribution type of gramineous plants in this area was in agreement with the geographical location of the area.