添加物料和菌剂对日喀则地区马铃薯茎叶青贮品质的影响

以日喀则地区马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)茎叶为原料制作青贮饲料,分别与玉米(Zea mays)面、小麦(Triticum aestivum)麸、聚合草(Symphytum officinale)、紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、青饲玉米、燕麦草(Arrhenatherum elatius)、干青稞(Hordeum vulgare)秸秆、干油菜(Brassica napus)壳等材料混贮,以甲酸、尿素、食盐和6种生物菌剂(A,活性乳酸菌冻干粉;B,益加益秸秆发酵剂;C,千牧EM菌原种;D,百益宝EM菌种;E,微特美益生菌种;F,粗饲料降解剂)为添加剂,聚乙烯袋真空包装分别于发酵30、60、90d后进行感官评定及生化分析,采用隶属函数法综合评价青贮品质。结果表明,日喀则地区马铃薯茎叶青贮饲料在制作后30d已经基本完成发酵进入青贮稳定阶段,能长期有效保持饲料的水分及营养物质。单独的马铃薯茎叶青贮效果差,添加生物菌剂、甲酸、麦麸、玉米面、青饲玉米秸秆、燕麦草可以改善青贮品质,其中添加麦麸的效果优于玉米面,添加青饲玉米优于添加燕麦草。聚合草含水量高、紫花苜蓿营养丰富,但是与马铃薯茎叶混贮发酵效果差。干油菜壳不适于与马铃薯茎叶混贮。菌剂A、B的青贮效果要优于E、F。研究得出,马铃薯茎叶+30%麦麸,马铃薯茎叶+0.3%尿素+0.4%食盐+30%麦麸+D,茎叶+30%麦麸+B这3个青贮处理效果较好。

Effects of the addition of different additives and biological agents on the quality of potato stem and leaf silage in Shigatse

Fresh potato stems and leaves were used as raw material to produce silage in a laboratory-scale experiment in Shigatse.Formic acid,urea,salt,and six different types of biological agents (A,active lactic acid bacteria freeze-dried powder;B,YIJAYI straw fermentation agent;C,QIANMU EM bacteria seed;D,BAIYIBAO EM strain;E,WEITEMEI probiotic bacteria;F,degradation agent of coarse fodder) were used as ensiling additives.Corn flour,wheat bran,polymeric grass,alfalfa,forage maize straw,forage corn stalk,oat straw,barley straw,and rape shell were used to prepare mixed silage.Silage was vacuum-packed in polyethylene bags.On the basis of biochemical analysis and sensory evaluation,we adopted the subordinate function method to evaluate silage quality.The results obtained were as follows.Silage completed fermentation and after 30 days entered a stable stage,which can effectively maintain moisture and nutrients for a long time.The quality of silage produced with potato stems and leaves individually was poor,but could be improved by adding biological agents,i.e.,formic acid,wheat bran,corn flour,forage maize straw,and oat grass.Among these,wheat bran was better than corn flour,and forage maize straw was better than oat grass.Although polymeric grass and alfalfa are nutritious,their high water contents result in poor fermentation when ensiled with potato stems and leaves.Rape shell is not suitable for mixed storage with potato stems and leaves.Among the biological agents assessed,the fermentation effects of A and B were better than those of E and F.The effects of the following three silage treatments are best: Potato stems and leaves+30% wheat bran,potato stems and leaves+0.3% urea+0.4% salt+30% wheat bran+D,and potato stems and leaves+30% wheat bran+B.