甘肃省兴隆山国家级自然保护区蝶类区系组成与多样性

为明确兴隆山自然保护区目前的蝶类组成及多样性状况,选取保护区全部5个林场(麻家寺、官滩沟、兴隆山、马坡和上庄)的8个代表性样线:麻家寺(Ⅰ)、官滩沟(Ⅱ)、兴隆山(Ⅲ)、银山(Ⅳ)、红庄子沟-骆驼岘-马滩(Ⅴ)、秦家湾-徐家峡-分豁岔(Ⅵ)、窑沟-双垄沟(Ⅶ)和马啣山(Ⅷ),进行蝶类调查,共采集蝴蝶标本1 271号,经鉴定隶属7科42属65种。蛱蝶科的种类数(21种)最多,眼蝶科的个体数(729只)最多,是保护区的优势类群,绢蝶科(39只)和凤蝶科(3只)都只有1种,是保护区的稀有物种。初步计算并分析了各样线的蝶类多样性指数、物种丰富度、优势度指数、均匀度指数和生境间相似性系数,结果表明:不同样线其蝴蝶的多样性不同,其中样线Ⅳ多样性指数最高,优势度指数最低;样线Ⅱ的多样性指数和物种丰富度均为最低,优势度指数最高。样线Ⅰ均匀度指数最低,优势度指数仅小于Ⅳ。样线Ⅷ的科数、属数、种数和个数都是最少,均匀度指数则最高。说明生境条件的变化对蝴蝶的多样性产生了影响,因此建议保护植被和环境以保证蝶类乃至其它生物的多样性。区系组成古北种占总数的46.154%,东洋种占3.077%,广布种占总数的50.769%。即保护区的蝴蝶以广布种为主,古北种明显多于东洋种。

Diversity of butterfly fauna in Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve of Gansu Province

To explore the diversity of butterfly fauna in the Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve of Gansu Province, eight sample lines, Majiasi (Ⅰ), Guantangou (Ⅱ), Xinglongshan (Ⅲ),Yinshan (Ⅳ), Hongzhuangzi Gou-Luotuoxian-Matan (Ⅴ),Qianjiawan-Xujiaxia-Fenhuocha (Ⅵ), Yaogou-Shuanglonggou (Ⅶ) and Maxianshan (Ⅷ), from five forestry stations were selected to investigate butterfly resources.A total of 1 271 butterfly specimens were collected and identified, belonging to 65 species, 42 genera, and 7 families.Nymphalidae, with the most species (21), and Satyridae, with the most individuals (729), were the dominant families.Papilionidae and Parnassiidae, with only 1 species, were regarded as rare.The diversity index, species richness, similarity coefficients, and the butterfly fauna were also calculated and analyzed.The results showed that the diversity of butterflies was different among the eight sample areas, of which the line Ⅳ had the highest index and the lowest dominance index, the line Ⅱ had the lowest biodiversity index and species richness, line a had the lowest evenness index and the dominance index only less than that of line Ⅳ, line Ⅷ showed the lowest quantity in number of families, genera, species, and individuals, and the highest evenness index.Because the changes between habitats affected the diversity of butterflies, we suggest that it is necessary to protect the environment and plant hosts so as to ensure the diversity of butterflies and other organism in the long term.The fauna in Xinglong Mountain National Nature Reserve consisted of palaearctic species occupying 46.154%, oriental species occupying 3.077%, and widely distributed species occupied 50.769%, which showed that the widely distributed species were dominant, and the palaearctic species were more numerous than the oriental species.