植物病原镰刀菌产生的毒素种类及其危害

镰刀菌(Fusarium spp.)是多种重要农作物的病原体，不仅可造成农作物产量和品质的严重损失还可在离体培养条件下或植物寄主体内产生一系列被称为镰刀菌毒素的次生代谢产物。这些毒素一方面作为致病因子与镰刀菌对宿主植物的致病力密切相关，另一方面可导致家畜生产性能下降和相关病症的出现，进而影响农业生态系统并对人类健康造成威胁。鉴于镰刀菌毒素对农作物生产的影响及其对家畜和人类的毒性作用，目前已有较多关于镰刀菌侵染粮食作物后产生毒素种类的研究，但关于镰刀菌侵染豆科牧草后产生的毒素种类以及毒素在镰刀菌对豆科牧草致病力方面作用的研究则较少。本文对引起主要粮食和饲料作物病害的常见镰刀菌物种产生的主要毒素，以及这些毒素对植物、家畜和人类的危害进行了综述，并对豆科牧草中镰刀菌毒素的研究前景及意义进行了展望。

Types and effects of toxins produced by plant pathogenic fungi Fusarium

As a pathogen of many important crops, Fusarium spp. can not only cause serious loss of crop yield and quality, but also produce a series of toxic secondary metabolites in vitro and in host plants, which called Fusarium toxins. On the one hand, Fusarium toxins are closely related to the pathogenicity of Fusarium to host plants as virulence factors, on the other hand, Fusarium toxins cause the decline of livestock production performance and the emergence of related diseases, which in turn affects the agricultural ecosystem and poses a threat to human health. In view of the influence of Fusarium toxins on crop production and their toxicity to livestock and human, there has been considerable studies on the types of toxin in cereal crop after infection caused by Fusarium, nevertheless, there are few studies on the types of toxin in legume forage after infection caused by Fusarium and the role of toxins in the pathogenicity of Fusarium to legume forage. This study reviewed the main toxins produced by Fusarium species which commonly cause the diseases of main food and feed crops, and the effects of these toxins on plants, livestock and humans. The prospect and significance of research on Fusarium toxins in legume forage were examined.