玉米不同株型及种植密度对间作大豆产量和养分吸收利用的影响

种植密度是影响间作体系产量潜力发挥的一个重要因素。为明确不同株型玉米(Zea mays)与大豆(Glycine max)间作搭配的适宜种植密度，本研究以紧凑型‘登海605’(DH605)和平展型‘川单428’(CD428)玉米及辽鲜一号菜用毛豆为试材，在同一施肥水平下，设置4个玉米种植密度(45 000、52 500、60 000和67 500株·hm?2)，研究玉米不同株型和密度对间作大豆地上部干物质积累、氮磷钾养分吸收及利用、产量和产量构成及群体产量的影响。结果表明，随玉米种植密度的增加，间作大豆各时期地上部干物质积累量、产量、单株荚数、鲜百粒重、地上部氮磷钾积累量和氮磷钾偏生产力均显著降低(P < 0.05)。相同密度下，与CD428间作的大豆产量、生物量、氮磷钾积累量均低于与DH605间作大豆。综合群体产量分析，认为适合紧凑型DH605玉米间作大豆的种植密度为60 000株·hm?2，适宜平展型CD428玉米间作大豆的种植密度为52 500株·hm?2。

Effects of different plant types and planting densities of maize on the yield,nutrient uptake,and utilization of intercropped soybean

Planting density is an important factor affecting the yield potential of intercropping systems. To determine the suitable planting densities for different maize plant types intercropped with soybean, a field experiment was conducted on four planting densities (45 000, 52 500, 60 000, and 67 500 plant·ha–1) of maize in the intercropping system at same fertilization level, using the pact-type “Denghai 605” (DH605) and flat-type variety “Chuandan 428” (CD428) and fresh soybean as materials. The effects of different plant types and planting densities of maize on aboveground dry matter accumulation, yield, yield components, nutrient uptake, and utilization of soybean were studied. The results showed that both the aboveground dry matter accumulation of different growth periods, yield, number of pods per plant, 100-grain weight, nutrient accumulation, and the partial fertilizer productivity of intercropped soybean were significantly reduced with increasing maize planting density. The effects of CD428 on intercropped soybean were higher than those of DH605 at the same planting density. A combination of yields of the maize-soybean complex population could be given better consideration with the cultivar DH605 at 60 000 plant·ha–1 planting density intercropped with soybean, and the cultivar CD428 at 52 500 plant·ha–1 planting density intercropped with soybean.