除草剂研发及其复混使用的现状与展望

除草剂又称除莠剂,是可以有效消灭或抑制杂草生长的一类化学或生物药剂。近年来,化学除草剂种类的不断增加以及除草技术的日趋完善,极大地变革了传统的劳动生产方式。但是,化学除草剂的不合理使用,使生态环境遭到破坏,同时对食品安全造成威胁。如何降低化学除草剂对环境的污染,并进一步提高除草效率,是目前除草剂领域研究的热点。发展新型绿色环保的除草剂,也是农业可持续发展和绿色生产中亟待解决的问题。因此,生物除草剂以其低污染、无残留等优势,引起了人们的广泛关注。如何正确、安全、高效地使用除草剂或利用不同植物之间的化感作用来防除和抑制杂草的生长已成为当前研究的热点。本文综述了化学和生物除草剂的研究进展、使用现状,并对除草剂不合理使用所导致的药效降低以及引发的一系列环境问题展开阐述,着重讨论不同类型或成分的除草剂或助剂复混使用在农业生产、环境保护和生态平衡中的重要作用,并在此基础上探讨除草剂领域未来的主要研究方向。

Current status and research progress of development and tankmix application of herbicides

Herbicides are a group of chemical or biological agents that effectively eliminate or inhibit the growth of weeds in the field.In recent years,increases in the types of chemical herbicides and the optimization of wee-ding technology have greatly improved the traditional mode of labor production,and have promoted the devel-opment of agricultural modernization.However,the abuse of chemical herbicides leads to various serious prob-lems,such as the destruction of the ecological environment and risks to food security.Reducing environmental pollution and further improving the efficiency of herbicides are hotspots in herbicides research.The urgent problems currently occurring in the sustainable development of agriculture will be solved by the development of novel green herbicides;biological herbicides have attracted much attention because of their low pollution and residue levels.The use of these herbicides or the allelochemicals in different crops to control and inhibit the growth of weeds have also become hotspots in current research.This updated review summarizes the progress of current research and the current situation regarding the use of chemical and biological herbicides,and de-scribes the problems caused by the irrational usage of herbicides.The important roles of different herbicides or adj uvants in agricultural production,environmental protection,and ecological balance were also focused upon;based on this,we discussed probable directions for future research on herbicides.