磷镁促释基质养分释放特性及种植效果

选用4种促释材料(W、Y、QW、FS)对磷矿粉、轻烧氧化镁混合物进行活化处理,配制促释材料含量分别为3%、5%的Ⅰ、Ⅱ型促释磷镁草花基质,通过淋溶试验、盆栽试验研究水溶性磷、镁素释放特性以及对夏堇(Torenia fournieri)、本地长春花(Catharanthus roseus)生长及开花的影响。结果显示,促释材料W、Y、QW、FS对磷矿粉均表现出良好的促释效果,磷镁促释基质水溶性磷淋溶总量较不添加促释磷镁显著增加了15.42%~27.10%(P0.05);添加4种促释材料对水溶性镁总量释放效果均不显著(P0.05)。促释磷镁W-Ⅰ不仅增加了夏堇开花数量,同时对本地长春花的冠幅增长、分枝以及地上部生物量积累有促进作用;FS-Ⅱ则有利于夏堇地上部生物量的积累;Y-Ⅰ则对夏堇、本地长春花生长无促进作用。综合考虑,草花基质添加促释磷镁W-Ⅰ、FS-Ⅱ应用效果最好,其最适添加比例分别为3.09、3.16 kg·m-3。

Release characteristics and planting effects of promoted-release mixed phosphate and magnesium substrates

Four promoted-release materials (W,Y,QW,and FS) were chosen to activate the mixture of phosphate rock and calcined magnesium oxide.Type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ mixtures of promoted-release phosphate rock and calcined magnesium oxide were added to 3％ and 5％ promoted-release materials,respectively.Next,promoted-release mixed phosphate and magnesium substrates for herbaceous flowers were prepared,whereas a leaching experiment and a pot experiment were conducted to study the release characteristics of water-soluble P and Mg and their effects on growth and flowering of Torenia fournieri and Catharanthus roseus.The results were summarized as follows:1) As compared with the substrate without adding any promoted-release materials,the water-soluble P contents of promoted-release P-Mg substrates added with W,Y,QW,and FS were significantly increased by 15.42％ ～27.10％ (P＜0.05),whereas the water-soluble Mg content in treatments added with W,Y,QW,and FS showed no significant differences (P＞0.05).2) Promoted-release P-Mg substrates added with W Ⅰ increased the number of flowers of T.fournieri and the crown diameter,branch number,and above-ground biomass of C.roseus;substrates added with FS-Ⅱ promoted the accumulation of above-ground biomass of T.fournieri,but adding Y-Ⅰ showed no positive effects on the growth of T.fournieri or C.roseus.Generally,promoted-release W-Ⅰ and FS-Ⅱ showed positive effects on substrates of herbaceous flowers and the appropriate addition ratios were 3.09 and 3.16 kg · m-3,respectively.