猪肠道细菌培养组学研究进展

猪肠道菌群是由所有定殖在猪肠道里的大量细菌、病毒、真菌和古菌等构成的集合。已有研究表明，很多疾病以及猪重要经济性状都与肠道菌群有关。目前，肠道菌群研究使用较多的技术是16S rRNA基因测序和宏基因组测序，但这些技术并不能了解具体菌株的实际功能和生理特性。肠道细菌的分离培养具有特殊重要的意义。近几年来，肠道细菌的培养取得了重要进展，基于培养条件的多样性分离培养出了更多的肠道细菌类别，这对促进肠道菌群在菌株水平的研究以及推广应用有重要意义。本文主要从猪肠道菌群组成结构、培养组学发展、猪肠道细菌培养组学的研究现状等方面进行论述和展望，为后续猪肠道菌群菌株的功能和影响表型的机制研究提供参考借鉴。

Research Progress on Intestinal Bacteria Culturomics of Pigs

Pig gut microbiota is an assembly of a large number of bacteria, viruses, fungi and archaea that colonize in the intestine of pigs. Previous studies have shown that many diseases and important economical traits of pigs are related to gut microbiota. Currently, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomic sequencing are the most commonly used approaches in the research of gut microbiota. However, the actual function capacities and physiological characterizations of gut bacterial strains can’t be fully illustrated by these sequencing technologies. The isolation and culture of gut bacteria are of special importance. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the area of cultivation of gut bacteria. Based on the diversity cultivation conditions, more and more gut bacterial strains can be isolated and cultured, which has significantly promoted the research and application of gut microbiota at the strain level. In this paper, we review and prospect the composition and structure of pig gut microbiota, the development of culturomics of gut microbiota, and the current status of pig gut bacterial culturomics, which will provide references for the subsequent studies on the function capacities of bacterial strains and the mechanism of gut bacteria affecting host phenotypes.