我国H5和H7N9亚型高致病性禽流感的监测及疫情暴发分析

禽流感病毒（avian influenza virus，AIV）是一种重要的人兽共患病病原，严重制约养禽业的健康发展，并对公共卫生安全构成极大威胁。其中，H5（H5N1、H5N2、H5N6、H5N8等）和H7N9亚型高致病性禽流感病毒（highly pathogenic avian influenza virus，HPAIV）引起的高致病性禽流感（highly pathogenic avian influenza，HPAI）对我国养禽业危害巨大。通过实施强制免疫，疫情得到了控制，但在禽群中仍散状暴发，并出现多种新型病毒，防控形势依然严峻。本文总结了截至2021年9月我国禽类暴发H5和H7N9亚型HPAI的所有官方公布的疫情暴发事件以及监测数据，分析了其流行特点，以期为禽流感的预警和防控提供参考。

Surveillance and Outbreak Analysis of H5 and H7N9 Subtypes of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in China

Avian influenza virus (AIV) is an important zoonotic pathogen, which severely restricts the healthy development of the poultry industry and poses a great threat to public health. Among them, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) caused by H5 (H5N1, H5N2, H5N6, H5N8, etc.) and H7N9 subtypes of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) have great harm to China's poultry industry. Through the implementation of compulsory immunization, the epidemic has been controlled, but there are still outbreaks in poultry flocks, and the prevention and control situation are still severe. This article summarizes all the official outbreaks and surveillance data of poultry infected with H5 and H7N9 subtypes of HPAI as of September 2021, and analyzes their epidemic characteristics intending to provide a reference for the early warning, prevention and control of avian influenza.