利用微卫星标记分析贵州地方鸡种的遗传多样性及亲缘关系

利用7个微卫星标记对12个贵州地方鸡种及1个引入鸡种的遗传多样性进行了检测，分析了各标记座位上的等位基因及频率、基因杂合度、平均基因杂合度、多态信息含量、平均多态信息含量及群体间的亲缘关系。结果表明：13个种群在7个标记座位上的等位基因及频率等均存在一定差异。其中，瑶山鸡的平均基因杂合度最高，引入鸡种隐性白洛克的平均基因杂合度最低，其余鸡种介于其间。平均多态信息含量的分析结果与此类似，说明瑶山鸡的遗传多样性最为丰富。模糊聚类的结果表明，13个鸡种分为2大类群，隐性白洛克独自为1个类群，12个贵州地方鸡种构成1个类群。12个贵州地方鸡种又可进一步分为2个小类群：其中1个小类群由兴义土鸡、矮脚鸡首先聚在一起，然后依次聚上黔东南小香鸡、黔东南小香乌骨鸡构成；高脚鸡、瑶山鸡、威宁鸡、竹乡鸡、竹乡乌骨鸡、黑羽乌蒙乌骨鸡、乌蒙鸡、麻羽乌蒙乌骨鸡则构成另一个小类群。

Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Relationship among Local Chicken Breeds in Guizhou by Using Microsatellites Marker

The genetic diversities of 12 local chicken breeds in Guizhou and an introduced one were determined by seven microsatellite DNA markers,and the allele frequencies,gene heterozygosity(H),mean gene heterozygosity,polymorphism information content(PIC),mean polymorphism information content and genetic relationships of these breeds were also analyzed in this paper.The results illustrated that alleles and their frequencies in 7 loci marked by microsatellite showed differences among the 13 chicken breeds.Of these chicken breeds,the mean loci heterozygosity in the Yaoshan chicken is higher than the other ones,and that of the White Plymouth Rocks is the lowest.The mean PIC also showed that the genetic diversity in the Yaoshan chicken is the highest among these breeds.According to the clustering analysis,the 13 chicken breeds belong to 2 groups: one is the White Plymouth Rocks,the other group includes the 12 Local chicken breeds in Guizhou.And the 12 Local chicken breeds in Guizhou form 2 smaller groups.One group is composed of the Xingyi Native chicken,the Short Footed chicken,the Qiandongnan Xiao Xiang chicken and the Qiandongnan Xiao Xiang Silky chicken,and the other comprises the Long Footed chicken,the Yaoshan chicken,the Weining chicken,the Zhuxiang chicken,the Zhuxiang Silky chicken,the Black Wumeng Silky chicken,the Wumeng chicken,the Barred Wumeng Silky chicken.