我国主要地方山羊品种随机扩增多态DNA研究

利用随机扩增多态DNA技术研究了我国主要地方山呼吸主部分国外品种共计23个山羊品种251个山羊个体的随机扩增多态DNA。结果表明：（1）总群体平均遗传多样性指数（Hsp)为0.7084，群体遗传分化指数为0.8583,山羊品种间平均遗传距离指数（AIGD）（0.0810－0.2044）明显大于品种内的AIGD（0.0444－0.1112)，不同山羊品种的遗传多样性指数（Ho)除安哥拉山羊和承德无角山羊大于50％外，其它各品种均低于50％，上述结果说明所研究山羊群体不仅具有较为丰富的遗传多样性，而且山羊核基因组遗传变异主要存在于品种间，我国地方山羊品种间遗传分化比较明显。（2）中卫山羊（0.3410)和辽宁绒山羊（0.2589）的Ho值明显低于各品种的平均值（0.3881）；雷州山羊（0.0566）、中卫山羊（0.0564）和辽宁绒山羊（0.0444)的AIGD值也明显低于各群体的平均值（0.0749)，说明辽宁绒山羊、中卫山羊和雷州山羊核基因组的遗传多样性相对其它品种来说较为贫乏，应作为重点保护对象。

STUDY ON THE RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD) OF MAIN NATIVE GOAT BREEDS IN CHINA

WT5BZ]The random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) of 251 individuals from 23 different goat breeds including main native goat breeds of China and those introduced from abroad was studied.The results were as follows:(1)The average index of genetic polymorphism for whole population(Hsp) and the index of genetic differentiation were 0 7084 and 0 8583,respectively.The average index of genetic distance (AIGD) between populations (0 0810 0 2044)was higher than that within populations(0 0444 0 1112).The indexes of genetic polymorphism(Ho)of goat breeds were lower by 50 percent except for Angra goat and Chengde hornless goat.All of these indicated that the genetic polymorphism was not only abundant,but also the genetic variation was mainly existed between goat breeds,and the genetic differentiation between goat breeds in China was obviously.(2)The values of Ho of Zhongwei goat(0 3140) and Liaoning cashmere goat(0 2589) were lower than the average value(0 3881) significantly,so did the values of (AIGD) of Leizhou goat(0 0566),Zhongwei goat(0 0564) and Liaoning cashmere goat(0 0444).It was inferred that these goat breeds should be protected much better than other breeds because the genetic polymorphism of these three goat breeds was poor compared with that of other breeds.