影响奶牛早期胚胎丢失的因素

早期胚胎丢失，即胚胎着床之前的胚胎死亡，是影响奶牛妊娠率的主要因素。奶牛妊娠早期的胚胎死亡率较高，给牧场造成了严重的经济损失。目前，对于早期胚胎丢失的研究主要集中在染色体异常、生殖激素紊乱、热应激、免疫因素、双胎妊娠、疾病、B族维生素缺乏等方面。本文综述了早期胚胎丢失发生的原因，为预防早期胚胎丢失提供依据。

Factors Associated with Early Embryo Loss in Dairy Cows

Early embryo loss, that is, embryo death before implantation, is the leading factor determining the pregnancy rate in dairy cows. The high mortality of embryo before implantation in dairy cows brings tremendous economic losses to many farms. At present, it is generally recognized that early embryo loss is mainly related with chromosomal abnormalities, reproductive hormone disorders, heat stress, immune factors, twin pregnancy, diseases and vitamin B deficiency. The factors affecting early embryo loss are reviewed in order to provide a comprehensive reference for preventing early embryo loss in dairy cows.