日粮中添加双氢青蒿素对宫内发育迟缓断奶仔猪胰岛素水平和肝发育的影响

旨在研究宫内发育迟缓（IUGR）对断奶仔猪胰岛素水平和肝发育的影响，以及日粮添加80 mg·kg^-1双氢青蒿素（DHA）对其修复作用。本试验选取10头正常出生重（NBW）仔猪和20头IUGR仔猪，分为NBW组、IUGR组和IUGR-DHA组，每组10头仔猪。NBW组和IUGR组饲喂基础日粮，IUGR-DHA组饲喂基础日粮+80 mg·kg^-1 DHA。所有仔猪21日龄断奶后饲喂相应日粮至49日龄，试验期为29天。结果显示，与NBW组相比，IUGR组显著降低了血清空腹葡萄糖（FBG）和胰岛素生长因子1（IGF-1）含量以及肝重量（P<0.05），显著提高了空腹胰岛素（FINS）含量和胰岛素抵抗（HOMA-IR）指数以及肝脏指数（P<0.05）。同时，IUGR组断奶仔猪肝组织形态结构受损，出现明显的空泡化，细胞器结构受损，线粒体和内质网明显肿胀，细胞核严重变形。与IUGR组相比，IUGR-DHA组显著升高了肝重量和IGF-1含量（P<0.05），显著降低了血清FINS含量和HOMA-IR指数，且肝组织形态结构得到明显改善。与NBW组相比，IUGR断奶仔猪显著下调了肝中IGF1、胰岛素受体底物1（IRS1）、磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶（PI3K）和蛋白激酶B（AKT2）的mRNA相对表达量（P<0.05）。与IUGR组相比，IUGR-DHA组显著上调了断奶仔猪肝中IRS1和AKT2的mRNA相对表达量（P<0.05）。结果表明：DHA对IUGR导致的断奶仔猪胰岛素抵抗以及肝发育受损具有一定的修复作用。本研究为畜牧生产中对IUGR的早期治疗以及DHA的推广应用提供了一定的理论依据。

Effects of Dietary Dihydroartemisinin Supplementation on Insulin Level and Liver Development in Intrauterine Growth Retardation Weaned Piglets

In this study we aimed to investigate the effects of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) on insulin levels and hepatic development in weaned piglets, and the repairing effect of dietary supplementation with 80 mg·kg^-1 dihydroartemisinin (DHA). Ten piglets with normal birth weight (NBW) and 20 IUGR piglets were selected and fed either a basal diet (NBW and IUGR groups, 10 piglets in each gorup) or the basal diet supplemented with 80 mg·kg^-1 DHA (IUGR-DHA group, 10 piglets) for 29 days from 21 to 49 d of age. Compared with NBW group, IUGR group significantly decreased the serum content of fasting glucose (FBG) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and the hepatic weight (P<0.05), and significantly increased the content of fasting insulin (FINS) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values and hepatic index (P<0.05). At the same time, the morphology and structure of the hepatic tissue in IUGR weaned piglets were damaged, there was obvious vacuolation, and organelle structure was damaged, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum were significantly swollen, and the nucleus was seriously deformed. Compared with IUGR group, IUGR-DHA group significantly increased the hepatic weight and IGF-1 content in the serum (P<0.05). The serum content of FINS and HOMA-IR values were significantly decreased (P<0.05). In addition, the morphology and structure of liver tissue were significantly improved. Compared with NBW group, IUGR group significantly downregulated the relative mRNA expression of IGF-1, insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT2) (P<0.05) in liver. Compared with IUGR group, IUGR-DHA group significantly upregulated the relative mRNA expression of IRS1 and AKT2 in the liver of IUGR weaned piglets (P<0.05). The results showed that DHA had a certain repairing effect on insulin resistance and hepatic development damage of weaned piglets caused by IUGR. This study provides a theoretical basis for the early treatment of IUGR and the promotion and application of DHA in livestock production.