胎儿宫内发育迟缓对新生仔猪小肠消化酶发育的影响

利用自然选择法从14窝初生仔猪选择14头正常仔猪和14头宫内发育迟缓（IUGR）仔猪，随机分成3组：初生组（DO）、母乳饲喂3d组（D3）和母乳饲喂7d组（D7），分别在0、3、7d屠宰以研究胎儿宫内发育迟缓对新生仔猪小肠消化酶发育的影响。初生时，正常仔猪小肠乳糖酶的总活性和比活性都显著高于IUGR仔猪。IUGR仔猪小肠氨基肽酶的总活性和比活性都低于正常仔猪，其中总活性的差异极显著。IUGR仔猪小肠的麦芽糖酶总活性显著低于正常仔猪，但比活性在2组间没有显著差异。2组间碱性磷酸酶的比活性和总活性都没有显著差异。生长至3日龄时，正常仔猪和IUGR仔猪间麦芽糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性没有显著差异，而2组间乳糖酶总活性和氨基肽酶总活性的差异显著。7日龄时，正常仔猪和IUGR仔猪乳糖酶、麦芽糖酶、氨基肽酶和碱性磷酸酶活性均没有显著差异。试验结果表明宫内发育迟缓抑制了小肠乳糖酶和氨基肽酶的成熟，而麦芽糖酶和碱性磷酸酶表现出早熟。同时又表明，胎儿宫内发育迟缓仔猪的肠道功能发育在生后1周内能部分实现补偿生长，而且补偿生长的实现是随着日龄增加逐步完全的。

Impacts of Intrauterine Growth Retardation on the Development of Small Intestinal Enzyme in Neonatal Pigs

To find out the impact of intrauterine growth retardation on the development of small intestinal enzyme in newborn piglets, 14 normal piglets and 14 piglets with IUGR were selected from 14 litters using natural select. They were randomly assigned to three groups: Newborn group (D0), Group naturally suckled for 3 days (D3) and Group naturally suckled for 7 days (D7), and were slaughtered on the end of the experiment. At birth, both of total activity and specific activity of lactase in mucous membrane of small intestine in normal piglets were significantly higher than those with IUGR. Both of total activity and specific activity of aminopeptidase in piglets with IUGR were lower than those in normal ones, and the difference of total activity between them is greatly significant. The total activity of maltase in IUGR piglets was significantly lower than that in normal piglets, but the difference of specific activity of maltase between them was not significant. The difference of alkaline phosphatase activity was also not significant. After naturally suckled with their dams for 3 days, the differences of mucosal maltase and alkaline phosphatase activities between normal piglets and piglets with IUGR were all not significant, but the difference of total activity of lactase and AP was significant. At 7 days age, there were no significances in mucosal lactase, maltase, aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase activities between them. All experiment results suggested that IUGR blocked the maturation of lactase and aminopeptidase in small intestine, and resulted in the premature of maltase and alkaline phosphatase. At the same time, it also suggested that the development of intestinal function in intrauterine growth retarded piglet partly realized catch-up growth during postnatal 1 week, and the catch-up growth is step by step with increased age.