母源性脱氢表雄酮对子代艾维因肉鸡脂肪代谢及肌肉品质的影响

本文以AA肉鸡为试验对象,研究母源性添加脱氢表雄酮(DHEA)对子代艾维因肉鸡脂肪代谢和肌肉品质的影响。将34周龄AA肉种鸡随机分为对照组(Con)、添加25 mg.kg-1DHEA的低剂量组(L)和50 mg.kg-1DHEA的高剂量组(H),2周后从各组收集种蛋进行孵化,随机选取180只出壳后的子代鸡,根据其母代饲料中添加DHEA的情况相应的分为对照组、低剂量组、高剂量组。饲喂至21 d宰杀,采集血清、肝脏、腹脂、左侧胸肌和腿肌样本进行分析。试验结果表明,与对照组相比母源性添加DHEA对子代肉鸡日采食量、日增体质量均无显著差异(P0.05),但母源性添加DHEA却可极显著地降低其料肉比(P0.01)。对子代公鸡而言,与对照组相比母源性添加高剂量的DHEA可显著地升高血清BG(P0.01)、NEFA(P0.05)和HDL-C(P0.05)的含量,极显著地降低肝脏组织中TG的含量(P0.01),但对血清TC、TG含量均无显著影响(P0.05);不同剂量的DHEA对其血清中T3、T4、GLU和Leptin的含量均无显著的影响(P0.05),但低剂量的DHEA却可显著地升高T3/T4值(P0.05)。对子代母鸡而言,与对照组相比母源性添加低剂量的DHEA可极显著地升高血清BG的含量(P0.01);高剂量的DHEA可极显著地升高血清TC、TG、NEFA和GLU的含量(P0.01),低剂量的DHEA可显著地升高HDL-C的含量(P0.05)和T4含量(P0.01),但却降低T3/T4值(P0.05)。母源性添加DHEA可显著地升高子代公鸡的胸肌率和腿肌率(P0.05),但对子代母鸡的胸肌率和腿肌率无显著影响(P0.05);同时母源性添加不同剂量的DHEA均可显著地降低腿肌肌纤维直径(P0.01),极显著地升高腿肌肌纤维密度(P0.01);高剂量的DHEA可极显著地降低胸肌肌纤维直径(P0.01),低剂量的DHEA可显著地降低胸肌肌纤维直径(P0.05),但不同剂量的DHEA均可极显著地升高胸肌肌纤维密度(P0.01)。结论提示,母源性添加DHEA可降低子代肉鸡脂肪的沉积和改善其肌肉品质。

Effects of Maternal Dehydroepiandrosterone on Lipid Metabolism Parameters and Muscle Quality of the Offspring AA Broilers

In order to study the effects of maternal dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) on lipid metabolism parameters and muscle quality of the offspring AA broilers. AA broiler breed were randomly divided into three equal groups (25 broilers per group), all broilers were offered the same basal diet with added DHEA at levels of 0 (control), 25 and 50 mg·kg~(-1). Eggs were collected after DHEA-treatment and incubated at 38.5℃ with a relative humidity of 60%. One-hundred and eighty (180) offspring AA broilers were divided into 0 (control), 25 and 50 mg·kg~(-1) according to the doses at the diet of maternal DHEA, and each group was assigned to 1 of 3 treatments.Broilers in each group were kept in three pens (20 broilers per pen). At the conclusion of the experiment, chickens were weighed individually at 21 days to determine final body weight. After the broilers were slaughtered, gender was identified, abdominal fat and liver were collected, blotted dry and weighed. Blood samples were taken and retained for subsequent analysis. The results showed that maternal DHEA could significantly decreased the daily feed intake/daily gain of offspring broilers(P<0.01), as compared with the control group, however that no significantly difference on the daily gain and daily feed intake (P>0.05). Male offspring broilers fed with 50 mg·kg~(-1) of maternal DHEA could significantly increased the content of blood glucose(P<0.01),non-esterified fatty acid(P<0.05), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P<0.05) in serum and decreased the content of triglycerides in the liver(P<0.01) than that at the control, but have no effect on the content of triglycerides and total cholesterol in the serum; also, male offspring broilers fed with maternal DHEA have no effect on the level of T_3, T_4, glucagon and leptin, but offspring broilers fed with 25 mg·kg~(-1) maternal DHEA could significantly increased the ratio of T_3/T_4 (P<0.05). As for female offspring broilers fed with maternal DHEA, 25 mg·kg~(-1) DHEA could significantly increased the content of blood glucose(P<0.01), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(P<0.05), and T_4 (P<0.01), at the same time, decreased the the ration of T_3/T_4 (P <0.05); 50 mg·kg~(-1) DHEA could significantly increased the content of triglycerides, total cho-lesterol, non-esterified fatty acid and blood glucose in serum than that at the control(P<0.01).Male offspring broilers fed with maternal DHEA could significantly increase the breast and thigh muscle weight percentage but have rio effect on the female offspring broilers. Offspring broilers fed with maternal DHEA could decreased the diameter of leg muscle fiber(P<0.01) and breast muscle fiber(P<0.05),also, it could increased the density of leg muscle fiber(P<0.01) and breast muscle fiber (P<0.01)than that at the control. The results indicate that maternal DHEA could reduce the fat deposition and improve the muscle quality in the offspring broilers.