不同羽色和性别番鸭屠宰性能及肌肉成分比较研究

研究旨在比较不同羽色及性别番鸭在屠宰性能及肌肉成分上的差别，为选育优良番鸭品种提供依据。试验选取1日龄黑羽番鸭、白羽番鸭及黑白花番鸭公、母共324羽，按羽色、性别分为6个处理，每处理设6个重复，每重复9只鸭，各处理饲喂相同日粮，试验期90d。结果表明：雄性黑羽番鸭屠宰率、全净膛率显著高于雄性白羽及黑白花羽番鸭（P〈0．05），而雌性黑白花番鸭及白羽番鸭的胸肌率和瘦肉率相近且均显著高于雌性黑羽番鸭（P〈0．05）；各处理番鸭肌肉中汞、镉、砷、铅含量无显著差异（P〉0．05），且均很微量；各同羽色雄性番鸭肌肉水分、无氮浸出物和粗蛋白质含量均基本略高于其同羽色雌性番鸭，而各处理雌性番鸭肌肉粗脂肪、粗灰分含量则高于其同羽色的雄性番鸭；雄性白羽番鸭和黑白花番鸭肌肉粗蛋白质含量相近且均显著高于雄性黑羽番鸭（P〈0．05）；各同羽色番鸭中基本上肌肉氨基酸含量均以雄性高于雌性，而同性别的番鸭比较，雄性白羽番鸭肌肉中多种氨基酸的含量显著高于雄性黑羽及雄性黑白花羽番鸭（P〉0．05）；同时雌性各羽色番鸭肌肉中多种氨基酸含量呈现出：黑白花番鸭〉黑羽番鸭〉白羽番鸭，但该趋势不显著（P〉0．05）。试验结果表明，雄性黑羽番鸭屠宰性能有一定优势，白羽番鸭肌肉养分和氨基酸含量优势明显。

The Comparison of Slaughter Performance and Chemical Composition of Muscle in the Muscovy Ducks with Different Sex and Feather Colour

In order to provide a reference for the selection of better Muscovy duck, this study compared the slaughter performance and chemical composition of muscle of the Muscovy ducks with different sex and feather colour. 324 of 1-day-old black, white and mottled Muscovy Duck were selected and allocated to 6 groups according the sex and feather colour, 6 replicates in each group and 9 broilers in each replicate. Each group had been provided with the same basal diet for 90 days. The results showed that the slaughter rate and percentage of eviscerated yield of male black Muscovy duck were significantly higher than that of male white and mottled Muscovy duck （P〈 0.05）. On the contrary, the percentage of breast muscle and percentage of lean meat were similar between female white and mottled Muscovy duck, however, the two indexes were significantly higher than that of female black Muscovy duck. The content of Hg , Cd, As and Pb in muscle of each groups were in trace level and no significant difference was found in between. The content of water in muscle, nitrogen free extract（NFE） and crude protein （CP） of male Muscovy duck were higher than that of female Muscovy ducks in the same feather colour. Meanwhile, the content of ether extractt Efi） and ash of male Muscovy ducks were lower than that of female Muscovy ducks. The content of crude protein（CP） were similar between white and mottled Muscovy duck and they were significantly higher than that of female black Muscovy duck （P〈0. 05）. And the content of amino acid（AA） in muscle of male was higher than that of female in the same feather colour. The comparison of Muscovy ducks of the same sex revealed that the content of various AA in female white Muscovy duck was significantly higher than that of the black and mottled female Muscovy duck（P〈0. 05）; The results also pointed to the trend that of all the female Muscovy duck, the content of various AA declines from mottled Muscovy duck to black duck and to white Muscovy duck, however, no significant difference was found in between （P 〉 0. 05）. In general, female- black Muscovy duck showed some advantages in slaughter performance, while in terms of the composition of muscle and the content of AA, white Muscovy duck showed significant advantage.