中国地方肉用鹅种种群的遗传变异

对我国18个地方肉用鹅品种资源的遗传多样性进行了31微卫星标记的研究。结果表明:总共检测到188个等位基因,其中等位基因数最多的位点为TTUCG5(12个);最少的位点为CKW19(2个);而且每个位点的等位基因分布并不均匀,都有一种或几种优势基因存在。18个品种中,平均杂合度最高的为乌棕鹅(0.6727),杂合度最低的为雁鹅(0.5010)。反映了各鹅种的遗传多样性水平都较丰富。通过计算DS遗传距离发现18个品种的遗传距离较远,分化时间较长。UPGMA聚类结果将18个地方肉用鹅品种聚为6类,聚类结果与各品种的生态地域分布和经济类型有一定的关系,尤其与生态地域的关系较为密切。该聚类结果对了解和获取各个品种内和品种间的遗传信息和遗传关系具有更准确更普遍性的依据。

Analysis of Genetic Variability of Indigenous Meat-type Goose Breeds in China

Eighteen Chinese indigenous meat-type goose breeds were studied to estimate genetic variability(using) microsatellite markers.One hundred and eighty-eight alleles were found in this experiment,and among them the most alleles were detected by TTUCG5 and the least were detected by CKW19.The distribution of alleles was not balanced,each locus having one or more dominant alleles.The average heterozygosity in the Wuzong goose was the highest(0.6727),and that in Yan goose was the lowest((0.5010)).It can be seen that there is rich diversity within population through calculation of average heterozygosity.The results of the average DS genetic distances showed the differentiation among those breeds was longer.The UPGMA tree was obtained through analysis of Nei`s standard genetic distance(DS).Clustering analysis divided the eighteen populations into six groups, and the clustering results among the populations had obvious association with their performance and geographical distribution.Those results could be used to the reliable foundation of genetic information and relationships of those indigenous meat-type goose breeds.