中国西北地区肉牛舍冬季建筑热环境系统设计

为设计中国西北地区满足肉牛冬季温度通风要求的肉牛舍,采用建筑环境模拟软件DEST模拟了不同围护结构和通风率肉牛舍的冬季自然舍温。结果表明,在屋顶传热系数为1.0W/（m2·K）时,非保温窗牛舍在通风率分别为5次/h、10次/h和15次/h时,1～2月日平均温度最低值分别为-7.4℃、-12.3℃和-14.4℃,高于肉牛低临界温度,但需对饮水加热;在通风率为10次/h时,保温窗和非保温窗牛舍1～2月日平均温度分别为-11.6～-8.7℃、-12.3～-8.2℃;在通风率为5次/h、10次/h和15次/h时,非保温窗牛舍1～2月舍内外温差分别为8.8～12.2℃、5.2～7.6℃和3.7～5.4℃。建议西北地区肉牛舍采用非保温窗,屋顶材料采用单层彩钢板或者传热系数为1.0W/（m2·K）的材料,冬季通风率取10～15次/h;天窗和窗户分别选用阳光板和塑料膜卷帘窗。

Design of Thermal Environmental System for Beef Cattle House in Winter in Northwest China

In order to design a beef cattle house meeting requirements on temperature and ventilation control in Winter in Northwest China, building thermal environment simulation software DEST was ap- plied to simulate indoor temperatures of beef cattle house with different types of envelopes and different ventilation rates. The results showed that when heat transfer coefficients of beef cattle house roof was 1.0 W/（m2 ·K）, the minimum of daily average temperature in beef cattle house with uninsulated windows was -7.4 ℃,-12.3 ℃ and -14.4 ℃when the ventilation rate reached 5, 10 and 15 air changes per hour respectively. Under all these three conditions, the indoor temperatures were higher than the lower critical temperature for beef cattle, however, the drinking water needed to be heated in Winter. When ventilation rate was 10 air changes per hour, daily average temperature from January to February in beef cattle house with uninsulated windows and insulated windows was -11.6～-8.7 ℃ and -12.3～-8.2 ℃ respective- ly. Daily average temperature difference between indoor and outdoor temperatures at ventilation rate of 5, 10 and 15 per hour in beef cattle house with uninsulated windows recorded 8.8～12.2 ℃ ,5.2～7.6 ℃ and 3.7～5.4 ℃ respectively. Uninsulated material such as plastic film was recommended to construct win- dows. Steel sheet or roof materials with heat transfer coefficients at 1.0 W/（mz· K）was recommended as roof materials and polycarbonate multi-wall sheet as skylight in beef cattle house in Northwest China.