肉牛遗传育种与繁殖技术发展趋势

肉牛业是畜牧业的重要组成部分，而良种产业化是肉牛产业发展的关键。20世纪人工授精、胚胎移植、发情控制等繁育技术的出现及常规育种技术的应用，使肉牛遗传改良取得了巨大进展，但越来越不能满足现代肉牛业发展的需求。进入21世纪，随着现代生物技术的迅速发展，肉牛育种已从传统表型和表型值育种朝着分子水平方向发展；以配子与胚胎工程、基因工程为主体的高新繁育技术将逐渐成为肉牛繁育的主要手段；体外胚胎生产、胚胎移植商业化应用将会进一步提高，实现产业化；动物克隆、转基因动物生产经不断发展与完善，将成为肉牛育种方面最具潜力的方法。论文就肉牛育种与繁育技术的发展趋势作一简要论述，旨在为肉牛生产提供理论依据与参考。

Developmental Trend of Animal Genetic,Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology Research in Bovine

Cattle industry is an important part of animal husbandry, and fine breed industrialization is the key to the development of beef cattle industry. The emergence of breeding technology in 20th century, including artifi- cial insemination, embryo transfer and estrus control, and the application of conventional breeding technology have facilitated the progress of genetic improvement of beef cattle, but cant meet the need for modern beef cattle indus- try development. With the energetic development of modern biotechnology in 21st century, beef cattle breeding has transformed from the traditional phenotypic and phenotypic value breeding to the breeding at molecular level; and the high--tech breeding technology featuring gamete and embryo engineering, and genetic engineering will gradu- ally become the main method for beef cattle reproduction; the commercialization of in vitro embryo production and embryo transplant will be further improved so as to realize industrialization; and the continuous development and perfection of animal cloning and genetically modified animal production will be the most promising method for beef cattle breeding. The paper briefly reviewed the developmental trend of beef cattle breeding and technology so as to provide a theoretical reference for beef cattle production.