减少矿物质元素的饲粮中补充包膜半胱胺对育肥猪生长性能、胴体品质、矿物质元素沉积及排放的影响

本试验旨在研究夏季高温状态下,在减少矿物质(铜、铁、锰、锌)元素的饲粮中补充包膜半胱胺对育肥后期猪生长性能、胴体品质、组织矿物质元素沉积和粪便矿物质元素排放的影响。试验共选用360头健康、平均体重为(103.9±0.7)kg的三元(杜×长×大)杂交育肥猪,采用2×2双因素试验设计,分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复15头。因素1为饲粮矿物质元素的含量,设计为基础饲粮铜、铁、锌、锰元素含量的100%和80%2个水平;因素2为饲粮包膜半胱胺(半胱胺含量27%)含量,设计为0、1 600 mg/kg(半胱胺含量300 mg/kg)2个水平。试验期30 d。结果表明:1)饲粮减少矿物质元素或补充包膜半胱胺对育肥猪后期的生长性能和胴体品质均无显著影响(P0.05)。2)饲粮减少矿物质元素可显著降低育肥猪肝脏中铬元素的含量及肾脏中钠、钙、铅元素的含量(P0.05),显著升高血清钠元素含量(P0.05);减少矿物质元素的饲粮中补充包膜半胱胺显著或极显著降低肝脏中钾元素含量和肾脏中钠、钙、铅、铜元素含量(P0.05或P0.01),并有降低肝脏锰、锌、铬及钙元素和血清中铬和镁元素含量沉积的趋势(0.05≤P0.10),对维持机体各组织中钠元素的稳定有利。3)饲粮中减少矿物质元素或补充包膜半胱胺极显著减少粪便中铅和铜元素的排放量(P0.01);饲粮减少矿物质元素可显著降低粪便中锌元素的排放量(P0.05),极显著升高镁元素的排放量(P0.05);减少矿物质元素的饲粮中补充包膜半胱胺对粪便中铬元素的排放量有降低趋势(0.05≤P0.10)。由此可见,夏季高温期,在饲粮的铜、铁、锰、锌4种矿物质元素含量减少20%条件下补充1 600 mg/kg包膜半胱胺,能在不影响育肥猪后期生长性能和胴体品质的同时,降低血清、肝脏和肾脏中矿物质元素的沉积,减少粪便铅、铜和铬元素对环境的排放,维持机体电解质平衡。

Effects of Addition of Coated Cysteamine in Reducing Mineral Elements Diet on Growth Performance,Carcass Quality,Mineral Elements Deposition and Excretion of Finishing Pigs

This study was conducted to determine the effects of addition of coated cysteamine ( CC) in reduc-ing mineral elements copper ( Cu) , iron ( Fe) , manganese ( Mn) and zinc ( Zn) ] diet on growth perform-ance, carcass quality, tissue mineral elements deposition and fecal mineral elements excretion of finishing pigs under high temperature in summer.A total of 360 crossbred ( Duroc×Landrace×Large White) healthy finishing pigs with average body weight of (103.9±0.7) kg were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 10 replicates per group and 15 pigs per replicate by a 2 ×2 two factors design.Fact1 was dietary mineral element contents, and or Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn contents were designed as two levels ( 100% and 80% ) of a basal diet;factor 2 was di-etary CC ( cysteamine content was 27% ) content, and were designed as two levels 0 and 1600 mg/kg ( cys-teamine content was 300 mg/kg) .The trial lasted for 30 d.The results showed as follows:1) dietary reducing mineral elements or adding CC had no significant effects on growth performance and carcass quality of finishing pigs ( P>0.05) .2) Dietary reducing mineral elements significantly decreased chromium ( Cr) content in liver and natrium ( Na) , calcium ( Ca) and and plumbum ( Pb) contents in kidney ( P<0.05) , but significantly in-creased Na content in serum ( P<0.05) .The addition of CC in reducing mineral elements diet significantly de-creased kalium ( K) content in liver and Na, Ca, Pb and Cu contents in kidney ( P<0.05 ) , tended to de-creased Mn, Zn, Cr and Ca contents in liver and Cr and Mn contents in serum (0.05≤P<0.10), and was benefit to maintaining Na balance in body tissues.3) Dietary reducing mineral elements or adding CC signifi-cantly decreased Cu and Pb excretions in feces ( P<0.01) .Dietary reducing mineral elements significantly de-creased fecal Zn excretion ( P<0.05) , but significantly increased magnesium ( Mg) excretion ( P<0.05) .The addition of CC in reducing mineral elements diet tended to decreased fecal Cr excretion ( 0.05≤P<0.10) .In conclusion, in summer at high temperature, under the condition of reducing 20% Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn contents in diet, the addition of 1600 mg/kg CC decreases mineral deposition in serum, liver and kidney, decreases fe-cal Pb, Cu and Cr mineral excretions, and maintains the electrolyte balance without negative effects on growth performance of finishing pigs.