胡芦巴粉对肉仔鸡生长性能、肉品质、免疫器官指数及血清抗氧化和生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平胡芦巴粉对肉仔鸡生长性能、肉品质、免疫器官指数及血清抗氧化和生化指标的影响。试验选用1日龄爱拔益加肉仔鸡320只,随机分为4个组,每组8个重复,每个重复10只鸡。各组分别饲喂含0(对照)、3%、6%、9%胡芦巴粉的营养水平相同的全价饲粮,试验期42d。结果表明:1)1~21日龄,6%和9%胡芦巴粉组平均体重和平均日增重显著低于对照组(P0.05),9%胡芦巴粉组平均日采食量显著低于对照组(P0.05),3%胡芦巴粉组料重比显著低于对照组(P0.05)。22~42日龄和1~42日龄,饲粮胡芦巴粉水平对肉仔鸡各项生长性能指标均无显著影响(P0.05)。2)9%胡芦巴粉组胸肌滴水损失率和压力损失率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。饲粮胡芦巴粉水平对胸肌pH45min、pH24h、剪切力和蒸煮损失率均无显著影响(P0.05)。3)6%胡芦巴粉组21日龄脾脏指数显著高于对照组(P0.05)。饲粮胡芦巴粉水平对21日龄胸腺指数、法氏囊指数及42日龄胸腺指数、脾脏指数和法氏囊指数均无显著影响(P0.05)。4)9%胡芦巴粉组的21日龄血清总超氧化物歧化酶活性高于对照组(P0.05),且显著高于3%和6%胡芦巴粉组(P0.05);6%胡芦巴粉组的42日龄血清总抗氧化能力显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。饲粮胡芦巴粉水平对21日龄血清总抗氧化能力和丙二醛含量以及42日龄血清总超氧化物歧化酶活性和丙二醛含量均无显著影响(P0.05)。5)9%胡芦巴粉组的21日龄血清谷草转氨酶活性显著高于对照组(P0.05);3%胡芦巴粉组的42日龄血清谷草转氨酶活性显著高于对照组(P0.05)。饲粮胡芦巴粉水平对21和42日龄血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、尿素氮含量和白球比及谷丙转氨酶活性无显著影响(P0.05)。由此可见,胡芦巴粉可作为一种蛋白质饲料原料应用于肉仔鸡生产,其具有提高肌肉系水力,促进免疫器官发育,提高抗氧化能力和增强机体蛋白质代谢的作用。胡芦巴粉在肉仔鸡饲粮中的适宜添加水平为:1~21日龄不超过3%,22~42日龄不超过6%。

Effects of Fenugreek Powder on Growth Performance,Meat Quality,Immune Organ Indexes,Serum Antioxidant and Biochemical Parameters of Broilers

The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of fenugreek powder (FP) on growth performance,meat quality,immune organ indexes,serum antioxidant and biochemical parameters of broilers.A total of 320 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted into 4 groups with 8 replicates per group and 10 broilers per replicate.Four levels of FP 0(control),3%,6% and 9%] were used into experiment diets and all of these diets were at a same nutrient level.The experiment lasted for 42 days.The results showed as follows: 1) at 1 to 21 days of age,the average body weight and average daily gain of 6% and 9% FP groups were significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.05),the average daily feed intake of 9% FP group was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05),and the ratio of feed to gain of 3% FP group was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05).At 22 to 42 days of age and 1 to 42 days of age,dietary FP level did not significantly affect the growth performance of broilers (P>0.05).2) The drip loss and pressure loss of breast meat of 9% FP group were significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.05).Dietary FP level did not significantly affect the pH45 min,pH24 h,shear force and cooking loss of breast meat (P>0.05).3) The spleen index at 21 days of age of 6% FP group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).Dietary FP level did not significantly affect the thymus index,bursa of Fabricius index at 21 days of age and thymus index,spleen index,bursa of Fabricius index at 42 days of age (P>0.05).4) The serum total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity at 21 days of age of 9% FP group was higher than that of control group (P>0.05),and significantly higher than that of 3% and 6% FP groups (P<0.05);the serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) at 42 days of age of 6% FP group was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05).Dietary FP level did not significantly affect the serum T-AOC and malondialdehyde (MDA) content at 21 days of age and serum T-SOD activity and MDA content at 42 days of age (P>0.05).5) The serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase activity at 21 days of age of 9% FP group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05),the serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase activity at 42 days of age of 3% FP group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).Dietary FP level did not significantly affect the serum total protein,albumin,globulin,urea nitrogen content and albumin/globulin and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity at 21 and 42 days of age (P>0.05).In conclusion,FP can be used as a protein ingredient in broilers feeding,FP can improve the water holding capacity of muscle,promote immune organ development,and improve antioxidant capacity and enhance protein metabolism.The dietary suitable supplemental level of FP for broilers is no more than 3% at 1 to 21 days of age and no more than 6% at 22 to 42 days of age.