饲粮添加粪肠球菌对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、脂质代谢和肠道微生物数量的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加粪肠球菌对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、脂质代谢和肠道微生物数量的影响。选择137日龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡450只,随机分成5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只鸡,分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0、1.0×10~4、1.0×10~6、1.0×10~8和1.0×10~10~CFU/g粪肠球菌(CGMCC1.2135T)的试验饲粮。试验期168 d。结果显示:1)试验第113~140天和第141~168天,1.0×10~6CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组蛋鸡的产蛋量极显著高于对照组和其他粪肠球菌添加组(P0.01)。试验第141~168天,1.0×10~4CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组的料蛋比显著低于1.0×10~8CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组(P0.05)。2)试验第56天,各粪肠球菌添加组的蛋壳厚度均显著高于对照组(P0.05),对照组和1.0×10~6CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组的蛋白高度显著高于1.0×10~4和1.0×10~10~CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组(P0.05);试验第84天和第140天,1.0×10~8CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组的蛋白高度显著高于1.0×10~4CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组(P0.05)。试验第56天,1.0×10~6CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组的哈夫单位极显著高于1.0×10~4和1.0×10~10~CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组(P0.01);试验第84天,1.0×10~6和1.0×10~8CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组的哈夫单位显著高于1.0×10~4CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组(P0.05)。试验第28天,1.0×10~10~CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组的蛋黄颜色极显著高于对照组和1.0×10~4CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组(P0.01);试验第56天,1.0×10~4、1.0×10~6和1.0×10~10~CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组的蛋黄颜色极显著高于对照组(P0.01);试验第112天,各粪肠球菌添加组的蛋黄颜色均极显著高于对照组(P0.01),且1.0×10~8CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组的蛋黄颜色极显著高于1.0×10~6CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组(P0.01);试验第140天,1.0×10~8CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组的蛋黄颜色极显著高于对照组(P0.01),而1.0×10~10~CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组蛋黄颜色极显著低于对照组和其他粪肠球菌添加组(P0.01)。3)试验第56天和第112天,1.0×10~8CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组蛋鸡的蛋黄总胆固醇含量极显著低于对照组、1.0×10~4和1.0×10~6CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组(P0.01)。与对照组相比,饲粮添加粪肠球菌显著或极显著降低试验第84天的血清总胆固醇(P0.01)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量(P0.01)和第168天的血清甘油三酯含量(P0.05)。4)1.0×10~6、1.0×10~8和1.0×10~10~CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组的回肠大肠杆菌数量显著低于对照组(P0.05);空肠大肠杆菌数量随粪肠球菌添加水平的增加呈线性降低(P0.05)。1.0×10~10~CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组的回肠粪肠球菌数量极显著高于对照组、1.0×10~4和1.0×10~8CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组(P0.01);1.0×10~8和1.0×10~10~CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组的盲肠粪肠球菌数量极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。结果表明,饲粮添加粪肠球菌能提高蛋鸡的产蛋量、蛋白高度和蛋黄颜色,降低血清和蛋黄的总胆固醇含量,调节肠道微生物数量;粪肠球菌在蛋鸡饲粮中的适宜添加量为1.0×10~6或1.0×10~8CFU/g。

Effects of Dietary Enterococcus faecalis on Performance,Egg Quality,Lipid Metabolism and Intestinal Microflora Numbers of Laying Hens

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Enterococcus faecalis on per?formance, egg quality, lipid metabolism and intestinal microflora numbers of laying hens. Four hundred and fifty 137?day?old Hy?Line brown laying hens were randomly allocated to 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 15 hens per replicate. Hens were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0, 1.0×104, 1.0×106, 1.0×108 and 1.0×1010 CFU/g Enterococcus faecalis (CGMCC1.2135T), respectively. The experiment lasted for 168 days. The results showed as follows:1) egg mass of laying hens in 1.0×106 CFU/g Enterococcus faecalis supple? mental group was significantly higher than that in the control group and the other Enterococcus faecalis supple?mental groups during day 113 to 140 and day 141 to 168 ( P<0.01) . During day 141 to 168, the ratio of feed to egg in 1. 0 × 104 CFU/g Enterococcus faecalis supplemental group was significantly lower than that in the 1.0×108 CFU/g Enterococcus faecalis supplemental group (P<0.05). 2) On day 56, eggshell thickness in all Enterococcus faecalis supplemental groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), and albumen height in the control group and 1. 0 × 106 CFU/g Enterococcus faecalis supplemental group was significantly higher than that in the 1.0×104 and 1.0×1010 CFU/g Enterococcus faecalis supplemental groups (P<0.05). On days 84 and 140, albumen height in the 1.0×108 CFU/g Enterococcus faecalis supplemental group was significantly higher than that in the 1.0×104 CFU/g Enterococcus faecalis supplemental group ( P<0.05). On day 56, Haugh unit in 1.0×106 CFU/g Enterococcus faecalis supplemental group was significantly higher than that in 1.0×104 and 1.0×1010 CFU/g Enterococcus faecalis supplemental groups (P<0.01); On day 84, Haugh unit in 1.0×106 and 1.0×108 CFU/g Enterococcus faecalis supplemental groups was significant?ly higher than that in 1.0×104 CFU/g Enterococcus faecalis supplemental group (P<0.05). On day 28, yolk color in 1. 0 × 1010 CFU/g Enterococcus faecalis supplemental group was significantly higher than that in the control group and 1.0×104 CFU/g Enterococcus faecalis supplemental group (P<0.01). On day 56, yolk col?or in 1.0×104, 1.0×106 and 1.0×1010 CFU/g Enterococcus faecalis supplemental groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). On day 112, yolk color in all Enterococcus faecalis supple?mental groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01), moreover, yolk color in the 1.0×108 CFU/g Enterococcus faecalis supplemental group was significantly higher than that in 1.0×106 CFU/g Enterococcus faecalis supplemental group (P<0.01). On day 140, yolk color in 1.0×108 CFU/g Enterococcus faecalis supplemental group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.01) , however, yolk color in the 1.0×1010 CFU/g Enterococcus faecalis supplemental group was significantly lower than that in the control group and the other Enterococcus faecalis supplemental groups ( P<0.01) . 3) The content of total cho?lesterol (TCHO) in egg yolk of laying hens in 1.0×108 CFU/g Enterococcus faecalis supplemental group was significantly lower than that in the control group and 1.0×104 and 1.0×106 CFU/g Enterococcus faecalis sup?plemental groups on days 56 and 112 ( P<0.01) . Compared with the control group, dietary Enterococcus fae?calis significantly decreased the contents of TCHO and low?density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL?C) in serum on day 84 ( P<0.01) and the content of triglyceride ( TG) in serum on day 168 ( P<0.05) . 4) The number of Escherichia coli in ileum in 1.0×106, 1.0×108 and 1.0×1010 CFU/g Enterococcus faecalis supplemental groups was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the number of Escherichia coli in jeju?num had a linear decrease with the increasing Enterococcus faecalis supplemental level ( P<0.05) . The number of Enterococcus faecalis in ileum in 1.0×1010 CFU/g Enterococcus faecalis supplemental group was significant?ly higher than that in the control group and 1.0×104 and 1.0×108 CFU/g Enterococcus faecalis supplemental groups (P<0.01), and the number of Enterococcus faecalis in caecum in 1.0×108 and 1.0×1010 CFU/g En?terococcus faecalis supplemental groups was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.01) . This study indicates that dietary Enterococcus faecalis can increase egg mass, albumen height and yolk color, de?crease the content of TCHO in serum and egg yolk and regulate intestinal microflora numbers of laying hens, and the appropriate supplemental amount of Enterococcus faecalis in diets of laying hens is 1.0×106 or 1.0× 108 CFU/g.Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2017, 29(1):202?213]