饲粮中添加不同植物精油对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道发育、免疫器官指数及屠宰性能的影响

本试验通过在基础饲粮中添加不同植物精油产品,旨在研究其对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道发育、免疫器官指数及屠宰性能的影响。选取1日龄罗斯308商品肉仔鸡公雏2 304只,随机分为6个组,每个组12个重复,每个重复32只。1组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;2组为负对照组,在基础饲粮中添加抗生素(20 mg/kg维吉尼亚霉素);3~6组在基础饲粮中各添加1种植物精油产品,分别为100 mg/kg植物精油1(含5%香芹酚,EO1组)、300 mg/kg植物精油2(含5%香芹酚,EO2组)、300 mg/kg植物精油3(含8%香芹酚和百里香酚混合物,EO3组)以及300 mg/kg植物精油4(含2%香芹酚和百里香酚混合物,EO4组)。试验期39 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,负对照组以及EO2组肉仔鸡22~31日龄料重比显著降低(P0.05),分别降低了2.58%、3.51%;与对照组相比,负对照组肉仔鸡1~38日龄平均日增重升高,料重比降低,但差异均不显著(P0.05);饲粮中添加不同植物精油未显著影响肉仔鸡1~38日龄平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加不同植物精油有提高肉仔鸡39日龄十二指肠绒毛高度的趋势(P=0.075 3),绒毛高度/隐窝深度值也有所提高(P0.05)。3)各组之间肉仔鸡22和39日龄脾脏指数和法氏囊指数均差异不显著(P0.05)。各组之间肉仔鸡胴体出成率、胸肌率、腿肌率、翅重率以及腹脂率均差异不显著(P0.05)。由此可见,本试验条件下,饲粮中添加不同植物精油对肉仔鸡生长性能的改善不显著,但可促进十二指肠绒毛发育。

Effects of Dietary Different Plant Essential Oils on Growth Performance,Intestinal Development,Immune Organ Indexes and Slaughter Performance of Broilers

This experiment was to study the effects of dietary different plant essential oils on growth perform-ance, intestinal development, immune organ indexes and slaughter performance of broilers. A total of 2304 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens were randomly divided into 6 groups with 12 replicates per group and 32 birds per replicate. Chickens in group 1 ( control group) were fed a basal diet; chickens in group 2 (negative control group) were fed the basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (20 mg/kg virginiamycinin);and the others in the groups 3 to 6 were fed the basal diet supplemented with 4 kinds of plant essential oils, in-cluding 100 mg/kg plant essential oils 1 ( contained 0.5% carvacrol, EO1 group) , 300 mg/kg plant essential oils 2 ( contained 0.5% carvacrol, EO2 group) , 300 mg/kg plant essential oils 3 ( contained 8% carvacrol and thymol mixture, EO3 group) and 300 mg/kg plant essential oils 4 ( contained 2% carvacrol and thymol mix-ture, EO4 group) , respectively. The experiment lasted for 39 days. The results showed as follows: 1) com-pared with the control group, the ratio of feed to gain ( F/G) of broilers at 22 to 31 days of age in negative control group and EO2 group was significantly decreased ( P<0. 05 ) , which was decreased by 2. 58% and 3.51%, respectively. Compared with the control group, the average daily gain ( ADG) of broilers at 1 to 38 days of age in negative control group was increased ( P>0.05) , and the F/G was decreased ( P>0.05) . Dieta-ry different plant essential oils had no significant effects on average daily feed intake, ADG and F/G of broilers at 1 to 38 days of age (P>0.05). 2) Compared with the control group, dietary different plant essential oils tended to increase the duodenum villi height of broilers at 39 days of age ( P=0.0753) , and the value of villi height to crypt length ratio was increased ( P>0.05) . 3) There were no significant differences in spleen index and bursa of Fabricius index of broilers at 22 and 39 days of age among all groups ( P>0.05) . Moreover, there were no significant differences in carcass yield, breast yield, thigh yield, wing yield and abdominal fat yield of broilers among all groups ( P>0.05) . It is concluded that under this experimental condition, dietay plant essen-tial oil has no effect on growth performance of broilers, but it is beneficial to duodenum villi development.