八角及其精油和残渣对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道发育和养分利用率的影响

本试验旨在研究八角及其精油和残渣对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道发育和养分利用率的影响。采用单因素完全随机试验设计,将1日龄爱拔益加肉仔鸡384只随机分为4组,每组12个重复,每个重复8只。对照组肉仔鸡饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验组肉仔鸡分别饲喂在基础饲粮的基础上添加5 g/kg八角(八角组)、0.2 g/kg八角精油(精油组)和5 g/kg八角残渣(残渣组)的饲粮。八角组和精油组饲粮中反式茴香脑含量为0.204 g/kg,对照组和残渣组饲粮中反式茴香脑含量低于0.005 g/kg。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)八角组和精油组肉仔鸡平均日增重和平均日采食量显著高于对照组(P0.05),残渣组与对照组没有显著差异(P0.05)。与对照组和残渣组相比,饲粮中添加八角和八角精油显著提高了肉仔鸡21日龄体重(P0.05)。2)与对照组和残渣组相比,八角组和精油组肉仔鸡空肠的相对长度显著提高(P0.05),同时精油组小肠的相对重量显著提高(P0.05);此外,八角组和精油组肉仔鸡空肠的相对重量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3)与对照组和残渣组相比,饲粮中添加八角和八角精油显著提高了十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度(P0.05)。4)精油组粗蛋白质的表观和真实利用率及表观和真实代谢能均显著高于其余各组(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加5 g/kg八角或0.2 g/kg八角精油均可改善肉仔鸡的生长性能、肠道发育,并提高肉仔鸡对养分的消化利用,而添加5 g/kg八角残渣没有此作用效果。

Effects of Star Anise and Its Essential Oil and Leavings on Growth Performance,Intestinal Development and Nutrient Digestibility of Broilers

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of star anise (lllicium verum Hook.f.) and its essential oil and leavings on growth performance,intestinal development and nutrient digestibility of broilers.Three hundred and eighty-four 1-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allocated to 4 groups with 12 replicates of 8 broilers in a single factor complete randomized design.Broilers in control group were fed a corn-soybean meal type basal diet,and broilers in experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 5 g/kg star anise (star anise group),0.2 g/kg star anise essential oil (essential oil group),and 5 g/kg star anise leavings (leavings group),respectively.Trans-anethole content in diets for star anise group and essential oil group was 0.204 g/kg,and that in diets for control group and leavings group was less than 0.005 g/kg.The experiment lasted for 21 d.The results showed as follows:1) the average daily gain and average daily feed intake in star anise group and essential oil group were significantly higher than those in control group (P＜0.05),but no significant differences were found between leavings group and control group (P＞ 0.05).Compared with control group and leavings group,the body weight at 21 days of age was significantly increased in star anise group and essential oil group (P＜0.05).2) Compared with control group and leavings group,the relative length of jejunum in star anise group and essential oil group was significantly higher than that in control group and leavings group (P＜0.05),and the relative weight of small intestine in essential oil group was significantly higher than that in control group and leavings group (P＜0.05).Moreover,the relative weight of jejunum in star anise group and essential oil group was significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.05).3) Compared with control group and leavings group,supplementations of star anise and star anise essential oil could significantly increase the villous height of duodenum and jejunum (P＜0.05).4) The apparent and true digestibility of crude protein and apparent and true metabolic energy in essential oil group were significantly higher than those in other groups (P＜0.05).In conclusion,supplementation of 5 g/kg star anise or 0.2 g/kg star anise essential oil can improve growth performance,intestine development and the nutrient digestibility and utilization of broilers,but the 5 g/kg star anise leavings has no effect.