饲喂方式对德州驴生长性能、营养物质消化率和盲肠微生物多样性的影响

本试验旨在研究饲喂方式对德州驴生长性能、营养物质消化率和盲肠微生物多样性的影响。选择体重(215±10)kg]相近、2周岁左右的健康德州公驴15头,随机分为C1组(饲喂方式为先粗后精)、C2组(饲喂方式为先精后粗)、C3组饲喂方式为全混合日粮(TMR)],每组5头,预试期7 d,正试期75 d。结果显示:1)C2组平均日增重极显著高于C1和C3组(P≤0.01),C1组干物质和酸性洗涤纤维消化率以C1组最高,C3组次之,C2组最低,C1组与C2组间存在显著差异(P≤0.05)。2)饲喂方式对德州驴盲肠微生物组成有一定影响。在门水平上,各组盲肠微生物均以厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)为主(二者占比>75%),其次为螺旋体菌门(Spirochaetes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和纤维杆菌门(Fibrobacteres),且C2组厚壁菌门相对丰度高于C1组和C3组;在属水平上,将401个属中相对丰度低于1%的属聚为其他(占比>75%)后,各组均以其他为优势菌属;随后,C1组以螺旋体科未定义属(unidenti?fied?Spirochaetaceae)和厌氧孤菌属(Anaerovirbrio)为主,C2组以厌氧孤菌属、链球菌属(Strepto?coccus)和螺旋体科未定义属为主,C3组则以乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)和螺旋体科未定义属为主。3)通过UPGMAA聚类树、主成分分析和物种差异性分析发现,3组德州驴盲肠微生物组成不同,且C2组与其他2组差别较大,C1组和C3组可聚为一类。综上可知,饲喂方式可极显著影响德州驴的平均日增重,显著影响干物质和酸性洗涤纤维消化率,并可改变盲肠微生物组成。

Effects of Feeding Mode on Growth Performance,Nutrient Digestibility and Cecal Microbial Diversity of Dezhou Donkeys

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of feeding mode on the growth performance,nu?trient digestibility and cecal microbial diversity of Dezhou donkeys.Fifteen healthy male Dezhou donkeys about the age of 2 years with similar body weight(215±10)kg]were randomly divided into three groups,which were group C1(fed concentrate after roughage),group C2(fed roughage after concentrate)and group C3fed total mixed ration(TMR)].Each group had 5 donkeys.The adaptation period lasted for 7 days and the formal period lasted for 75 days.The results showed as follows:1)the average daily gain of group C2 was significantly higher than that of groups C1 and C3(P≤0.01).The digestibility of dry matter and acid deter?gent fiber of group C1 was the highest,the group C3 was the second,the group C2 was the lowest,and there was a significant difference between groups C1 and C2(P≤0.05).2)Feeding mode had some influences on the composition of cecal microbes of Dezhou donkeys.At the level of phylum,Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes(accounting for more than 75%)were dominant in cecal microbes of each group,followed by Spirochaetes,Proteobacteria,Fibrobacteres.The relative abundance of Firmicutes of group C2 was higher than that of groups C1 and C3.At the level of genus,after clustered the genus which had lower abundance than 1%into other(accounting for more than 75%)during the 401 genera,the other was dominant genus in each group.Subse?quently,followed by unidentified?Spirochaetaceae and Anaerovirbrio in group C1,Anaerovirbrio and Strepto?coccu in group C2,and Lactobacillus and unidentified?Spirochaetaceae in group C3.3)Through UPGMAA clustering tree,principal component analysis and species difference analysis,it was found that the cecal micro?bial composition of three groups of Dezhou donkeys was different,and C2 group was obviously different from the other two groups,while groups C1 and C3 could be grouped together.In conclusion,the feeding mode has significant effects on the average daily gain and the digestibility of dry and acid detergent fiber.Also,the feed?ing mode can change the cecal microbial composition of Dezhou donkeys.