2015年山东省肉鸡饲料原料中重金属污染情况调查及风险评估

本试验旨在调查2015年山东省肉鸡饲料原料中砷、铅、镉、铬和汞元素的污染情况,评估饲料原料的污染风险。试验收集烟台市莱阳、威海市文登、青岛市莱西、潍坊市诸城、日照市莒县、临沂市沂水、德州市夏津等地不同饲料生产厂家使用的8种饲料原料,包括玉米、豆粕、麸皮、花生粕、棉籽粕、玉米蛋白粉、干酒糟及其可溶物( DDGS)和微量元素预混料,应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法( ICP-AES)检测镉、铅和铬元素的含量,应用原子荧光光谱法( AFS)检测砷和汞元素的含量,计算检出率、平均含量、超标率、最高含量与平均含量比值( HC/AC)和离散系数。结果表明：饲料原料中砷、铅、镉、铬和汞元素的检出率分别为32.29%、7.29%、12.50%、100.00%和100.00%；阳性样品中平均含量分别为0.21、1.27、2.12、3.48和0.02 mg/kg,超标率分别为0.00、1.04%、1.19%、54.76%和9.52%；微量元素预混料中砷、铅和镉元素,棉籽粕中铬元素及花生粕中汞元素的HC/AC最大,微量元素预混料中镉元素、花生粕中汞元素、豆粕中砷元素及棉籽粕中铅和铬元素离散系数最大。综上所述,肉鸡饲料原料中铬和汞元素污染严重；微量元素预混料中砷、镉、铬和铅元素、棉籽粕中铬和铅元素、花生粕和豆粕中汞元素易出现严重污染,因此建议制定预混料和饼粕类饲料中多种重金属元素的限量标准。

Investigation and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution of Feedstuffs in Broiler Chickens in Shandong Province in 2015

The experiment was conducted to investigate arsenic ( As) , lead ( Pb) , cadmium ( Cd) , chromium ( Cr) and mercury ( Hg) pollution of feedstuffs in broiler chickens in Shandong province in 2005, and assess the risk of feedstuffs pollution. Eight feedstuffs including corn, soybean meal, wheat bran, peanut meal, cot-tonseed meal, corn gluten meal, distillers dried grains with soluble ( DDGS) and trace mineral premix used in different feed mills of Laiyang in Yantai, Wendeng in Weihai, Laixi in Qingdao, Zhucheng in Weifan, Juxian in Rizhao, Yishui in Linyi and Xiajin in Dezhou were collected, and the contents of Cd, Pb and Cr were detec-ted by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry ( ICP-AES) , and the contents of As and Hg were detected by atomic fluorescence spectrometry ( AFS). Detection rate, average content, over standard rate, the ratio of maximum content to average content ( HC/AC) and coefficient of variance were calculated. The results showed that the detection rates of As, Pb, Cd, Cr and Hg in feedstuffs were 32. 29%, 7. 29%, 12.50%, 100.00% and 100.00%, respectively. Average contents of As, Pb, Cd, Cr and Hg in positive sam-ples were 0.21, 1.27, 2.12, 3.48 and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively. Over standard rates of As, Pb, Cd, Cr and Hg in feedstuffs were 0.00, 1.04%, 1.19%, 54.76% and 9.52%, respectively. HC/AC of As, Pb and Cd in trace mineral premix, Cr in cottonseed meal and Hg in peanut meal were the largest. Coefficient of variance of Cd in trace mineral premix, Hg in peanut meal, As in soybean meal and Pb and Cr in cottonseed meal were the largest. It is concluded that Cr and Hg pollution is most serious in the feedstuffs, and As, Cd, Cr and Pb in trace mineral premix, Cr and Pb in cottonseed meal, Hg in peanut meal and soybean meal are prone to serious pollution in feedstuffs. Therefore, it is necessary to make limited standards of various heavy metal elements in premix and oilseed meals.