人和哺乳动物支气管动脉与肺动脉吻合现象研究进展

对人和哺乳动物支气管动脉与肺动脉吻合问题的研究进行了概述.肺动脉与支气管动脉吻合的意义在于支气管动脉的高氧血液可以进入肺动脉代偿供应肺泡组织,肺动脉的营养血液也可以进入支气管动脉代偿供应肺间质.肺动脉与支气管动脉之间血管吻合常可以发生在胸膜面、支气管壁、终末细支气管或呼吸性细支气管等部位,也可以在毛细血管上发生支气管动脉与肺动脉的吻合.根据血管吻合的长度和口径,将其分为长吻合型和短吻合型,按照血管吻合的方式分为端-端吻合和端-侧吻合.在某些病理情况下,肺动脉与支气管动脉之间的吻合支还会通过管径扩张,增加血流量来供应局部的病变组织,因此有利于防御不利因素对机体造成的损伤,为机体实施正常的呼吸功能提供保障.

Progress on Bronchopulmonary Anastomosis Phenomena in Human and Mammals

The present conditions of the bronchopulmonary anastomoses in human and mammals were sum- marized in this review. The significance of the bronchopulmonary anastomoses was that the hyperoxic blood from the bronchial artery could enter the pulmonary artery to compensate the pulmonary artery sup- plying the alveolar tissue, and the nutritious blood from the pulmonary artery also entered the bronchial artery to compensate the bronchial artery supplying the interstitial tissue. The pleural surface, the bronchial wall, the terminal bronchiole or respiratory bronchiole were often the anastomosing sites. The bron- chopulmoanry anastomoses can also locate at the capillary level. The vascular anastomoses were divided into the long type and short type by the length and caliber of the anastomoses, and the anastomoses were classed into end to side and end to end by the anastomosing fashions. In some pathological conditions, the bronchopulmonary anastomoses would become larger to increase the blood flow and supply the local pathological tissues. Therefore, the injuries caused by negative factors to the body could be avoided to ensure the normal respiratory function in the body.