2020年底各地新玉米霉菌毒素风险分析

为了解呕吐毒素（DON）、玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）和黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）在2020年底新玉米中的污染情况，指导饲料生产企业和养殖场（户）开展霉菌毒素防控，降低霉菌毒素对饲料质量安全及养殖动物的影响，避免经济受损的风险。2020年12月在市场上采集新玉米样本225份，采用胶体金免疫层析法或上转发光免疫分析法对其霉菌毒素污染情况进行检测，依据安佑集团相关企业标准标和GB 13078-2017《饲料卫生标准》进行判定分析。结果表明：新玉米中霉菌毒素检出率为96.0%，其中DON、ZEN和AFB1的检出率分别为85.8%、87.1%和86.7%|DON、ZEN和AFB1在新玉米中的污染状况差别较大，按《饲料卫生标准》判定的超标率分别为0.0%、0.4%和11.6%|最大检测值分别为2500、534 μg/kg和＞100 μg/kg。就产地而言，山西、内蒙古、东北、安徽、山东、河南、云南、陕西等地霉菌毒素污染较重。综上，与2019年及2020年玉米霉菌毒素污染调查数据相比，2020年底新玉米污染程度较重。 关键词] 玉米|霉菌毒素|胶体金免疫层析法|上转发光免疫分析法|污染规律

Risk analysis of mycotoxin in new maize fromdifferent producing areas at the end of 2020

In order to understand the pollution of deoxynivalenol(DON),zearalenone(ZEN)and aflatoxin B1(AFB1)in new corn at the end of 2020,guide feed manufacturers and farmers to carry out mycotoxin prevention and control,reduce the impact of mycotoxins on feed quality and safety of breeding animals,and avoid the risk of economic damage.In December of 2020,225 new corn samples were collected in the market,the mycotoxin contamination detected by colloidal gold immunochromatography or up-conversion immunoassays,judged and analyzed it according to the relevant enterprise standards of Anyou Group and the GB 13078-2017 Feed Hygiene Standard.The detection rate of mycotoxins in new corn was 96.0%,among which the detection rates of DON,ZEN and AFB1 were 85.8%,87.1%and 86.7%,respectively;the pollution status of DON,ZEN and AFB1 in new corn was quite different.The over-standard rates determined by the"Feed Hygienic Standards"were 0.0%,0.4%and 11.6%;the maximum detection values were 2500,534μg/kg and>100μg/kg.In terms of producing areas,mycotoxins were seriously polluted in Shanxi,Inner Mongolia,Northeast China,Anhui,Shandong,Henan,Yunnan,Shaanxi and other provinces.Compared with the survey data of corn mycotoxin pollution in 2019 and 2020,the pollution level of new corn at the end of 2020 was heavier.