不同养殖模式翘嘴鲌肌肉营养品质比较

为评价池塘与大湖不同养殖模式翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)肌肉营养品质差异,试验分析了商品翘嘴鲌肌肉常规营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿物元素含量等营养指标。结果表明:大湖翘嘴鲌肌肉水分含量显著低于池塘翘嘴鲌(P<0.05),粗蛋白质含量高于池塘翘嘴鲌,差异不显著(P>0.05)。池塘与大湖翘嘴鲌肌肉,除了赖氨酸和组氨酸以外(P<0.05),绝大部分氨基酸含量均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。大湖翘嘴鲌肌肉的总氨基酸、必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量分别较池塘翘嘴鲌高出2.72%、2.87%和2.50%。根据氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)结果,池塘与大湖翘嘴鲌肌肉中第一限制性氨基酸均为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸,赖氨酸相对含量最高,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)分别为68.81和69.62。池塘翘嘴鲌的棕榈油酸(C16:1)含量显著高于大湖翘嘴鲌(P<0.05),而大湖翘嘴鲌肌肉的单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFAs)、高不饱和脂肪酸(HUFAs)、必需脂肪酸(EFA)、EPA+DHA含量则高于池塘翘嘴鲌(P>0.05)。试验检测了池塘与大湖翘嘴鲌肌肉11种矿物元素,其中镁有显著差异(P<0.05),重金属元素(铬、镉、铅)含量均在限量范围以内。综上所述,大湖养殖翘嘴鲌营养品质优于池塘养殖。

Comparative analysis on nutritional quality of Culter alburnus cultured under different aquaculture modes

In order to evaluate the muscle nutrition quality of Culter alburnus,under pond cultured and lake cultured,nutritional quality indexes including proximate nutrient,amino acids,fatty acids composition and mineral content were determined.The results showed that moisture content of lake cultured Culter alburnus was significant lower(P<0.05),while crude protein was higher than pond cultured group,without significant differences among groups(P>0.05).There were no significant differences of almost all amino acids(P>0.05),whereas the contents of lysine and histidine were significantly different between two groups(P<0.05).Lake cultured Culter alburnus had a higher concentration of total amino acids(TAA),essential amino acids(EAA),and delicious amino acids(DAA)than pond cultured group,with 2.72%,2.87%and 2.50%respectively.According to amino acid score(ASS)and chemical score(CS),the lysine content in muscle of pond cultured and lake cultured Culter alburnus were relative richer,with the first limiting amino acids Met+Cys,and essential amino acid indices(EAAI)of 68.81 and 69.62,respectively.The palmitoleic acid(C16:1)was significantly higher in pond cultured group than lake group(P<0.05).However,lake cultured Culter alburnus had higher total monounsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs),highly unsaturated fatty acids(HUFAs),essential fatty acids(EFA),eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)+docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)than pond groups.Among the eleven minerals analyzed in Culter alburnus,the content of Mg was higher than that of the lake cultured group.Moreover,toxic trace minerals(Cr,Pb and Cd)were all present in amounts below their toxic levels.In conclusion,the lake cultured Culter alburnus has better nutritional quality than pond cultured.