精选熊蜂在热带地区设施栽培西红柿与草莓的授粉潜力评估

熊蜂是相当有效率的授粉昆虫,经常在温带地区设施栽培西红柿、草莓园内被用来当成授粉的媒介,唯在热带地区应用的例子并不多。精选熊蜂(Bombus eximius Smith)广泛分布于东亚至东南亚的副热带气候区域,其生物特性与族群数量有潜力成为热带区域设施栽培作物的授粉昆虫。研究以西红柿与草莓为对象,评估精选熊蜂在热带地区网室栽培园的授粉效果。比较熊蜂授粉与植物生长调节剂处理的牛西红柿,熊蜂授粉处理组的果实种子数发育佳,且畸形果、空洞果或瘢瘤果少,每颗果实平均重量167.2g,较对照组120.6g重。比较熊蜂授粉处理与无授粉处理的草莓,熊蜂授粉处理组的瘦果发育较完整,畸形果少,果实平均重量4.9g,较无授粉处理的草莓2.3g为重,熊蜂授粉处理的草莓平均瘦果数100.4个,较对照组32.4个多。本研究评估在热带地区的设施栽培西红柿园内利用精选熊蜂授粉,具有节省劳力及促进西红柿品质的效果;而精选熊蜂对提高草莓果实品质,亦有显著效果。

Evaluations on the pollination potentials by a bumblebee species, Bombus eximius, for facility cultured tomato and strawberry in tropical area (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombini)

Bumblebees are usually used as efficient pollinators for tomato and strawberries in facility cultivations in temperate regions. However, only a few were successfully submitted that the bumblebee could be an effective pollinator in tropical area. Bombus eximius is widely distributed in the sub-tropical area of East Asia and Southeast Asia. It has been regarded as a potential pollinator superior in its biological characteristics and population size. Therefore, the pollination efficiencies of Bombus eximius for tomatoes and strawberries were studied in facility cultivations in tropical area. The tomato pollinated by bumblebee has less deformed, puffiness, or cracking fruits in comparison with the fruits treated by plant growth regulator. The average weight of bumblebee-pollinated fruits （167.2 g） was heavier than plant growth regulator treats （120.6 g）. For strawberry, both bumblebee-pollinated and non-pollinated fruits were compared. The results showed that the former had better formed,and the average weight （4.9 g） was heavier than the latter （2.3 g）. Also, the average number of achenes on the bumblebee-pollinated fruits （100.4） was more than non-pollinated （32.4）. We assessed that Bombus eximius is a potential pollinator in the facilities in the tropical regions, because of its saving labors and promoting qualities for these crops.