小鸊鷉冬季日活动节律和亲代育雏

为了分析各种行为的时间预算分配以及小(辟鸟)(?)的亲代育雏行为,2010年10月11日～2011年1月11日共93 d,以曲靖师范学院南湖的所有小(辟鸟)(?)为研究对象进行观察。结果表明,冬季日各种行为的活动时间分配分为觅食行为、游动行为、休息行为、理羽行为、争斗行为、振羽行为、飞行行为和起舞行为,所占比例依次为36.9%、30.2%、17.7%、9.7%、2.9%、1.3%、1.0%、0.4%,都呈明显的节律性变化,其中觅食行为与游动行为、休息行为与理羽行为的发生呈显著的负相关(P<0.05);起舞行为与游动行为的发生呈极显著的正相关(P<0.01)。在不同育雏期的亲鸟喂雏次数是不同的,一天中12:30～13:30时段喂食活动的频次达到最高值,各个年龄组之间的喂食频次除了第1期和第3期(每1期为10 d)相比为显著差异(P<0.05),其他各种行为都存在极显著性差异(P<0.01)。随着雏鸟的成长发育,亲鸟与雏鸟的距离变化都呈现抛物线的变化,雌性亲鸟对雏鸟的保护及警戒投入多于雄性亲鸟。

Winter Daytime Activities and Parental Brooding Behavior of Little Grebe（Trachybaptus ruficollis）,China

We studied Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis at the South Lake of Qujing Normal College for 93 days from 11 October 2010 to 11 January 2011.Our objective was to analyze time budgets of various behaviors and parental brooding behavior.The time budgets for foraging,swimming,resting,preening,fighting,stretching（or flapping）,flying and dancing were 36.9%, 30.2%,17.7%,9.7%,2.9%,1.3%,1.0%and 0.4%respectively.All behaviors presented obvious rhythmicity.Foraging and swimming were negatively correlated（P〈0.05）,as well as resting and preening.Dancing and swimming were positively correlated（P〈0.01）.The frequency for feeding chicks varied with rearing period,with peak frequency from 12：30 to 13.30 hrs.Feeding frequency varied by age group.The first（10 days for one period）and third periods differed significantly （P〈0.05）.Difference between all other periods were highly significantly different（P〈0.01）.With growth of the nestling, the distance between parent birds and chicks changed as a parabolic curve.The female parent spent more time protecting and guarding the chick than did the male parent.