2018年进口奶牛检疫情况分析

随着十多年的超速发展,我国奶牛业已由单一品种的散养方式逐步转变为高产品种的规模化、集约化养殖方式。然而,我国奶牛整体遗传素质不高,多为进口高产奶牛与地方奶牛的低代次改良品种,以致原奶质量参差不齐,严重制约了我国奶业的健康发展。因此,大规模引进高品质的奶牛品种,已成为我国优化奶牛基因、推动畜牧业产业化发展的重要抓手,但同时也为检疫工作带来了挑战。本文通过分析2018年我国进口奶牛数量、来源国、疫病检出、进境口岸及隔离检疫场分布等数据,结合各来源国的疫病防控特点,有针对性地提出检疫要点,为我国全面提升进口奶牛的检疫水平、切实做好奶牛群体遗传改良计划、加快推进畜牧业转型升级提供参考。

Analysis on Quarantine of Imported Dairy Cows in 2018

With the rapid development of more than ten years, dairy cows in China has gradually changed from single breed of free-range farming to large-scale and intensive farming of high-yielding breeds. However, the overall genetic quality of dairy cows in China is not high, most of them are low-generation improved varieties of imported high-yielding dairy cows and local dairy cows, resulting in uneven quality of raw milk, which seriously restricts the healthy development of China’s dairy industry. Therefore, large-scale introduction of high-quality dairy cow varieties has become important for optimizing dairy cow genes and promoting the industrialization of animal husbandry in China, but it also brings challenges to the quarantine work. Based on the data analysis of imported dairy cows, the country of origin, the detection of epidemic diseases, the distribution of entry ports and quarantine quarantine sites in 2018, combined with the characteristics of epidemic prevention and control in various countries of origin, this paper puts forward the key points of quarantine, in order to laid a solid foundation for improving the quarantine level of imported dairy cows in China, keeping the cow group genetic improvement and accelerating the transformation and upgrading of animal husbandry.