影响荷斯坦牛妊娠期长短的因素分析

目的]为探究不同因素对荷斯坦牛妊娠期长短的影响,以期进一步改善奶牛繁殖性能。方法]研究利用一般线性模型对江苏省某奶牛场2017—2019年20 589条产犊记录进行分析,探究不同胎次、产犊季节、犊牛初生重、犊牛性别及是否产双犊和是否使用性控冻精对荷斯坦牛妊娠期长短的影响。结果]胎次、产犊季节、犊牛初生重、是否产双犊以及不同犊牛性别和是否使用性控冻精对荷斯坦牛妊娠期长短均有极显著影响(P0.01),1胎母牛的妊娠期最短,2胎母牛的妊娠期最长;秋季产犊的母牛妊娠期最长,夏季产犊的母牛妊娠期最短;母牛的妊娠期越长,犊牛初生重越大;产双胎的荷斯坦牛妊娠期极显著小于产单胎的荷斯坦牛(P0.01);采用性控冻精的奶牛妊娠期极显著小于非性控冻精配种的奶牛(P0.01)。结论]胎次、产犊季节、犊牛初生重、犊牛性别、是否产双犊和是否使用性控冻精均是影响荷斯坦牛妊娠期长短的重要因素,该结果为荷斯坦牛繁殖性能和牧场经济效益的提高提供了科学依据。

Analysis of Factors Affecting the Gestation Length of Holstein cows

In order to explore the influencing factors of gestation length of Holstein cows, a general linear model was used to analyze 20 589 calving records of a dairy farm in Jiangsu Province from 2017 to 2019 to investigate the effects of different parity, calving season, calf birth weight, calf gender, twin calving and whether to use sexed semen on the gestation of Holstein cows. The results showed that: parity, calving season, calf birth weight, whether twin calving and whether to use sexed semen had significant effects on the gestation of Holstein cows (P < 0.01). The gestation of parity 1 was the shortest, that of parity 2 was the longest; that of autumn calving was the longest, and that of summer calving was the shortest; the higher the birth weight of calves, the longer the gestation of Holstein cows. The results showed that the gestation of Holstein cows with twin was significantly shorter than that of single birth (P < 0.01); the gestation of cows with sexed semen was significantly shorter than that of cows with conventional semen (P < 0.01). In conclusion, parity, calving season, calf birth weight, calf gender, twin calving and sexed semen use are important factors affecting the gestation of Holstein cows. The results provide scientific basis for improving reproductive performance of Holstein cows and the economic efficiency of dairy farm.