两用（粮食和饲料）作物研究现状及发展前景

随着经济发展和收入水平的提高，居民对粮食消费量出现降低和对畜产品需求量出现增加的现象并存，但优质饲料的缺乏阻碍了畜牧业的发展。两用（粮用和饲用）作物增加了冬季饲料供应，其已成为一些国家或地区农业生产系统中的重要组成部分（主要分布于农牧交错区）。梳理近年来国内外关于两用作物生产和利用的现状及发展趋势，重点概述的内容有：1）两用作物的利用背景；2）两用作物的概念；3）代表性地区；4）饲草、籽粒产量和经济收益；5）动物利用和畜产品等。同时，对当前两用作物生产系统中面临的问题和应对举措进行了展望，包括：1）播种时间和播种量的选择；2）放牧或刈割后的氮肥管理；3）作物放牧或刈割的适宜生育期；4）种质资源的选择等。总体而言，两用作物生产管理（包括放牧时间、施氮量、播种量和放牧强度等）不当增加了籽粒产量降低的风险，但基于农业生产系统的综合效益，作物以两用的形式进行生产和利用是有利可图的。

Research status and development prospects of dual-purpose crops （grain and forage）

With population expansion， acceleration of urbanization processes and increase in household income， food consumption patterns have gradually changed. However， the development of animal husbandry is usually restricted by the availability of feed stocks. The reliable supply of high-quality animal feed is vital to the development of animal husbandry. Dual-purpose crops （grain and forage） alleviate the shortage of winter feed， and make an important contribution to agricultural production systems in regions with integrated agro-pastoral production in some countries. In this study， the current status and development trends in domestic and foreign research on dual-purpose crops is reviewed. Coverage includes： 1） Background of dual-purpose crops； 2） Concept of dual-purpose crops； 3） Representative areas； 4） Forage and grain yields and economic benefits； and 5） Animal utilization and livestock products. In addition， the problems faced and countermeasures implemented in the current dual-purpose crop production system are overviewed， including： 1） Selection of sowing time and sowing rate； 2） Nitrogen fertilizer management after grazing or mowing； 3） The appropriate crop growth stage for grazing or mowing； 4） Selection of germplasm resources. Overall， improper management of dual-purpose crops production （including grazing time， nitrogen application rate， seeding rate， and grazing intensity， among others） increases the risk of reduced grain yield. However， based on the benefits to agricultural production systems， it is profitable to manage crops in a dual-purpose mode.