毛茛科雄蕊结构的分类学价值

本文采用形态观察及GMA半薄切片法深入研究了毛茛科18属,37种,及5变种的雄蕊形态结构。结果显示雄蕊表面无毛或被非腺毛及腺毛。花丝呈丝状、条状、棒状、长三角形或短柱状,其薄壁组织胞间隙不明显或发达。花药侧面观为∞形、椭圆形、近圆形或条形;幼嫩花药横切面形状变化较大,为V形、Λ形、椭圆形、方形、∞形或蝶形;花粉囊间薄壁细胞排列呈V形、Λ形或直线形。成熟花药的花粉囊间薄壁细胞消失。部分幼嫩时横切面∞形的花药,成熟时变为椭圆形,而蝶形和方形的花药则变为∞形。花药及花丝的特征在属及种内是稳定的,可作为毛茛科属及组的分类学证据。本文完善了毛茛科花形态学研究,为进一步研究毛茛科系统学提供了新的形态学基础。

Taxonomic value of stamen structure in the family Ranunculaceae

The stamen structure of 18 genera, 37 species, and 5 varieties in the Ranunculaceae was studied in detail using morphological observation and glycol methacrylate (GMA) section methods. The surfaces of stamens were glabrous or with glandular or non-glandular hairs. The filament morphology was filiform, strap-like, clavate, long triangular or short columnar, and the intercellular space of the parenchyma was inconspicuous or substantial. The anthers in lateral view were bi-cylindrical (∞), elliptical, near circular, or strap shaped. The young anthers in transverse section were various shapes, including V, Λ, elliptical, square, bi-cylindrical, or butterfly shaped. The parenchyma cells between pollen sacs were arranged in a V shape, Λ shape, or in a line, and the parenchyma disappeared when the anthers became mature. Some anthers had a bi-cylindrical cross sectional shape in early development but became elliptical at maturity, or were had butterfly or square cross sectional shape in early development but a bi-cylindrical shape at maturity. These morphological features of the anthers and filaments were found to be stable within genera and species. This study enhances knowledge of flower morphology in the Ranunculaceae, and provides additional taxonomic criteria for use in classifying members of the Ranunculaceae.