基于生态足迹的玛曲县近10年可持续发展研究

玛曲县是稳定与维护青藏高原和黄河上游生态系统的重要屏障。研究其生态环境与社会经济发展的可持续性具有重要意义。应用生态足迹模型对玛曲县2007-2016年的生态足迹、生态承载力、生态赤字及可持续发展指数变化进行了研究。结果表明,10年间研究区人均生态足迹显著增加,由2007年的4.26 hm²增加到2016年的5.91 hm²,增幅达到38.73%,草地在该区域人均生态足迹中占98.83%;生态承载力从2007年的3.74 hm²下降到2016年的3.04 hm²,降幅达到18.72%,草地和林地占到了人均生态承载力的88.04%;该区域10年均呈现生态赤字,总体生态安全形势较弱,处于弱不可持续发展状态。草地是玛曲县主要生态足迹消耗资源,且草地消费需求和草地退化之间的矛盾突出,应加强对该区域草地生态的保护。

Research on sustainable development of Maqu County over the past decade based on ecological footprint

Maqu County is an important indicator region for the stability and maintenance of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and includes the upper reaches of the Yellow River. It is of great significance to study the sustainability of its ecological environment and social and economic development. The ecological footprint model was applied to study the changes in per capita ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity, ecological deficit and sustainable development index of Maqu County from 2007 to 2016. The results indicate that the per capita ecological footprint of the study area increased significantly in the past 10 years, from 4.26 ha in 2007 to 5.91 ha in 2016, an increase of 38.73%. Pasture accounted for 98.83% of the per capita ecological footprint of the region, ecological carrying capacity trended downward from 3.74 ha in 2007 to 3.04 ha in 2016, with a drop of 18.72%. In this region, all 10 years for which data were analyzed showed an ecological deficit, and the overall ecological security situation was very weak and unsustainable. Pasture is the main resource for consumption in ecological footprint evaluation in Maqu County, and the imbalance between demand for pasture forage for consumption and sustainable supply, with resulting pasture degradation, is strongly evident. Therefore the protection of grassland through adoption of ecologically sustainable practice in this area should become apriority.