高原鼠兔洞系特征及功能研究

通过在甘南玛曲900个洞口的实地调查,对高原鼠兔的洞系特征(洞口数量、位置、朝向、格局,洞道结构等)进行了系统研究。结果表明,高原鼠兔不同洞口朝向间的洞口数存在显著差异,其中全阴、半阴、全阳间的差异极显著;洞口直径与洞口朝向无相关性;洞口斜度≤55°的洞口主要集中在SW、SE和S 3个方向,占洞口总数的48.6%,洞口斜度＞55°的洞口主要集中在NW、NE和N 3个方向,占洞口总数的52.1%;S向和偏S向的洞口温度显著高于N向和偏N向的洞口,W向和偏W向洞口温度普遍高于E向和偏E向洞口,前者最高温差可达13.2℃,后者最高温差为6.0℃。由上述可见,高原鼠兔的洞系建筑特点是对高原环境的一种适应性选择,除了常规意义上的栖居和避险等基本功能而外,还兼顾了洞内温度、对流和抵御寒风的利弊权衡。

A study on the burrow features and functions of plateau pika

A field investigation used 900 holes of pika burrows in alpine meadow grassland in Gannan Maqu county to study the burrow features of plateau pika, including hole number, location, orientation, pattern, burrow structure. The dark side, semidark side, sunny side of hole orientation of plateau pika showed extremely significant differences. There was no correlation between diameter and orientation of the holes. Holes with less than a 55° angle were mainly concentrated in the SW, SE and S directions and accounted for 48.6% of the total number of holes. Holes with a greater angle than 55° were mainly focused in NW, NE and N directions and accounted for 52.1% of the holes. The hole temperature in the south and partial south was higher than that in north and partial north with a 13.2℃ difference. The hole temperature in the west and partial west was higher than that in the east and partial east with about a 6.0℃ difference. The tunnel structure features of plateau pika were consequences of adaptive selection to the plateau circumstances. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of the temperatures inside holes, air convection and cold wave resistance, habitat exclusion and risk avoidance are fundamental functions of burrow orientation.