草地划区轮牧饲养原则及设计

为了推进北方草地可持续集约放牧饲养管理,促进完善划区轮牧实验设计及目的,本文总结了放牧国际划区轮牧的10条原则:单位时间的产草量确定载畜率,拔节期指示春季放牧开始时间,开始恢复再生的时间决定放牧时间天数,放牧间隔日数决定放牧频次,计算确定区块数及区块面积,满足牲畜采食行为,充分利用饲草质量和营养,保证牲畜饮水充足,环境友好、易执行、可操作、有弹性。在此基础上,设计了1个划区轮牧实践参考方案,并论述了划区轮牧目标及管理评价标准,讨论了1条北方草地可持续集约养羊畜牧业的发展途径。

Principles for design of rotational grazing systems

To promote more intensive grazing management in the northern steppes of China, rotational grazing systems used throughout the world were investigated and 10 principles summarized. This study found that the stocking rate is determined by yield per unit time, stage of heading indicates a starting time for spring grazing where pastures are not grazed in winter, the interval between successive grazings depends largely on the regeneration or recovery time, and the grazing duration reflects desired herbage removal and residual herbage mass. This study also found that the number and area of paddocks should facilitate desired livestock feeding behavior, optimize forage quality and nutrition, and ensure adequate water supply for livestock. The rotational grazing system should be environmentally friendly flexible, and easy to operate. A typical grazing management schedule for a representative farm in the northern China was designed, and the goals and criteria for rotational grazing management are discussed. Finally, this study recommends a new approach for sustainable intensive sheep farming.