混合比例和添加剂对菊苣与青贮玉米混合青贮品质的影响

探讨不同混合比例和添加剂对菊苣和青贮玉米混合青贮饲料品质的影响,为调制高质量的混合青贮饲料提供理论依据。以菊苣和青贮玉米为原料,按质量比0∶1、1∶3、1∶1、3∶1和1∶0 (分别用0C1M、1C3M、1C1M、3C1M、1C0M表示)进行混合青贮,并分别设置3个添加剂处理,即零添加、5 g·t^-1乳酸菌+5 g·t^-1纤维素酶(LX)和10 g·t^-1乳酸菌+5 g·t^-1纤维素酶(2LX),青贮60 d后测定混合青贮饲料的营养成分和发酵品质。结果显示,菊苣与青贮玉米混合比例为0∶1和1∶1时青贮饲料的感官评价优于其余3种混合比例的,而且添加剂处理感官评定优于零添加处理的。菊苣和青贮玉米混合青贮可以形成养分互补,有助于均衡青贮饲料整体营养,在青贮原料中添加添加剂则可以提高青贮饲料发酵品质。混合青贮饲料的营养价值随菊苣比例增加而显著提高,但是发酵品质在菊苣混合青贮比例高于1∶1时显著降低。综合判定菊苣和青贮玉米1∶1混合时其青贮饲料品质最佳,其中又以1C1M/2LX处理最好,纤维组分(NDF和ADF)和氨态氮/总氮含量较低而粗蛋白和乳酸含量较高。

Effects of mixing ratio and additives on ensilage efficiency of mixed chicory and silage maize

We evaluated the effects of different mixing ratios and additives on the quality of silage made from mixtures of chicory and maize,to provide guidelines for producing high-quality silage.The ratios of maize and chicory by weight were0 ∶ 1,1 ∶ 3,1 ∶ 1,3 ∶ 1,and 1 ∶ 0 (0C1M,1C3M,1C1M,3C1M,1C0M).There were three additive treatments for each mixing ratio∶ no additive,5 g · t-1 lactic acid bacteria (LD) + 5 g · t-1 cellulose (LX),and 10 g/t LD + 5 g · t-1 cellulose (2LX).The nutrient composition and fermentation traits were measured after 60 days of ensilage to identify the optimal treatment.For sensory characters,the 0 ∶ 1 and 1 ∶ 1 mixing ratios of chicory and maize resulted in better silage quality scores than the other three mixing ratios,especially in the treatments with additives.Silage made from mixtures of chicory and maize showed improved nutritional quality and additives facilitated the fermentation process.The nutritional value increased significantly with an increasing proportion of chicory,while the fermentation quality decreased substantially if the proportion of chicory was greater than 1 ∶ 1.In summary,silage made from a 1 ∶ 1 mixture of chicory and maize had the best quality among all the mixing ratios tested.The silages treated with 1C1M/2LX had the best nutritional quality,with lower levels of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber,a low ratio of ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen,and higher crude protein and lactic acid contents than those of the silages without additives.