察布查尔草原土壤酶活性垂直分布及土壤理化性质相关性研究

土壤酶(soil enzyme)作为土壤生态系统的组分之一,是生态系统的生物催化剂,在土壤物质循环和能量转化过程中起着重要作用。以新疆伊犁察布查尔县1191~2656 m海拔草原黑钙土为研究对象,选择土壤酶进行研究,以期解释土壤酶垂直分布特征及土壤肥力对土壤酶活性的影响。研究不同海拔及土层土壤酶活性变异特征,结果表明,过氧化氢酶活性0.237~0.722 mg·(g·20 min)^-1,碱性磷酸酶活性0.767~2.673 mg·(g·24 h)^-1,脲酶活性0.029~0.106 mg·(g·24 h)^-1,蔗糖酶活性3.384~23.801 mg·(g·24 h)^-1。土壤表层酶活性均大于中、底层,且酶活性随海拔的增加而上升,各土层、海拔间差异显著(P<0.05);通过相关性分析得知0~20 cm土层,海拔与脲酶活性呈极显著正相关(P<0.05,r=0.854^**),与蔗糖酶活性呈显著正相关(P<0.05,r=0.724^*);20~40 cm土层,海拔与碱性磷酸酶呈显著正相关(P<0.05,r=0.766^*);在40~60 cm土层,海拔与脲酶活性呈显著正相关(P<0.05,r=0.796^*)。在研究中还发现随土层的增加土壤酶活性与土壤肥力相关性降低。

Correlation between soil enzyme activities and soil physical chemical properties in Chabuchar Grassland

As one of the components of soil ecosystems,soil enzymes are biological catalysts in ecological systems,playing an important role in the process of soil material cycling and energy conversion.In this research,soil from a site at 1191-2656 m elevation in Xinjiang Yili Chabuchar county was studied.The variation in soil enzyme activity at different altitudes,the vertical distribution of soil enzymes and the effect of soil fertility on soil enzyme activities were evaluated.The activities of catalase,alkaline phosphatase,urease and invertase were 0.237-0.722 mg · (g · 20 min)-1,0.767-2.673 mg· (g · 24 h)-1,0.029-0.106 mg · (g · 24 h)-1,and 3.384-23.801 mg · (g · 24 h)-1,respectively.Soil enzyme activities were greater in the topsoil than in the subsoil layers.Enzyme activity increased with increase in altitude.Activities of urease and invertase in 0-20 cm soil layer were significantly positively correlated with altitude,while in 20-40 cm layer,this was true for alkaline phosphatase only,and in 40-60 cm layer urease activity was positively and significantly correlated with altitude.The soil enzyme activity and organic matter tended to show similar patterns,but correlations were not significant.It was also found that with increase in soil depth,the correlation between soil enzyme activity and soil fertility diminished.