贺兰山马麝春季生境选择

2014—2016年春季,在贺兰山马麝活动比较频繁的12条沟段对马麝的生境选择进行研究。共记录马麝春季利用样方164个,对照样方77个。利用拟合优度卡方检验及Bonferroni不等式对非数值型生境因子进行分析,结果表明春季马麝偏爱选择位于阴坡的、以青海云杉为优势树种的针叶林带活动。Mann-whitey U检验表明麝春季对于13种数值型生境因子的选择存在显著差异,偏好选择海拔高度高、乔木密度大、乔木高度低、乔木距离近、灌木高度高、灌木距离远、水源距离远、裸岩距离远、隐蔽级高的生境类型。此外,利用逐步判别分析得出影响马麝春季生境选择的生境因子按贡献值大小排序为海拔高度、灌木距离、坡度、裸岩距离、灌木高度、隐蔽级、水源距离、乔木距离、乔木密度以及乔木高度,利用这10种生境因子对利用样方与对照样方区分的正确率为91.9%。马麝生性胆小、机警,在贺兰山的种群数量小,对生境的要求较高,应当加大保护力度,减少人为干扰,保护好马麝的适宜性生境。

Habitat Selection of Moschus chrysogaster During Spring in the Helan Mountains,China

During spring of 2014-2016,we studied habitat selection of Moschus chrysogaster alpine musk deer in 12 gullies where they were abundant in the Helan Mountains.A total of 164 sample quadrats and 77 control sample quadrats were sampled during each of the three spring seasons.Non-numeric habitat factors were analyzed using the chi-square goodness of fit test and Bonferroni s inequality.Moschus chrysogaster preferred coniferous forest belts with Picea crassifolia as the dominant tree species on shady slopes.Mann-Whitey U test showed that there were significant differences in the selection of 13 numerical habitat factors.Deer preferred habitat types at high elevations,with high tree densities,low tree heights,short distances between trees,tall shrub heights,long distances between shrubs,long distances to water,long distances to bare rock,and high densities of concealment cover.The habitat factors influencing habitat selection were ranked in descending order as elevation,distance to shrub,slope gradient,distance to bare rock,shrub height,concealment cover,distance to water,distance to tree,tree density,and tree height.The correct rate of distinguishing occupied from unoccupied(control)habitats based on these 10 habitat factors was 92%.Deer were typically timid and alert,their local populations were small,and their habitat requirements were specific.Therefore,we should strengthen the protection,reduce human interference,and protect the suitable habitats of M.chrysogaster.