甘肃高山细毛羊育种现状及发展前景

甘肃高山细毛羊是以新疆细毛羊和高加索细毛羊为父本、以当地藏羊和蒙古羊为母本,经过杂交改良(1943～1957年)、横交固定(1958～1965年)和选育提高(1966～1980)三个阶段培育而成的我国第一个高原型细毛羊品种。从育成至今经过了30年的选育提高,为了改善和提高品种质量,先后10次从国内外引进澳洲美利奴、中国美利奴、新西兰美利奴、超细型中国美利奴、超细型澳洲美利奴等外血对品种进行换血改造。目前该品种质量发生了很大变化。2009年种公羊平均体重达到95.77kg,比1980年品种育成时提高了20.77kg,成年母羊平均体重达到49.55kg,比1980年育成时提高了9.55kg。种公羊平均毛长达到10.79cm,比1980年育成时提高了2.59cm,母羊平均毛长达到9.39cm,比1980年育成时提高了1.8cm。公羊平均剪毛量达到10.32kg,比1980年育成时提高了2.8kg,母羊平均剪毛量达到4.56kg,比1980年育成时提高了0.46kg。羊毛细度从1980年的以64支为主体发展为目前的以66支和70支为主体。以甘肃高山细毛羊为遗传基础,先后育成中国美利奴高山型新类群、甘肃高山细毛羊优质毛品系、甘肃高山细毛羊肉用类群、甘肃高山细毛羊超细品系。

Breeding Status and Perspective of Gansu Alpine Merino

Gansu Alpine Merino is the first alpine merino breed which was developed from Xinjiang and Caucasus fine-wool sheep as male parent,and local Tibetan sheep and Mongolian sheep as female parent,after crossbred and improvement(1943-1957),intersect breeding(1958-1965) and selection improvement(1966-1980).From breeding till now,the breed went through 30 years selection improvement,in order to improve breed quality,outside blood was introduced from home and abroad for 10 times,such as Australia Merino,Chinese Merino,New Zealand Merino,super-fine-wool Chinese Merino,super-fine-wool Australia Merino.At present,the breed quality got great changes.In 2009,average weight of ram obtained 95.77 kg,which increased 20.77 kg compared to breed body weight in 1980.Average weight of adult female sheep obtained 49.55 kg,which increased 9.55 kg compared to that in 1980.Average wool length of ram obtained 10.79 cm,which increased 2.59 cm,average wool length of female sheep obtained 9.39 cm,which increased 1.8 cm compared to that in 1980.Average wool yield of male sheep obtained 10.32 kg,which increased 2.8 kg,average wool yield of female sheep obtained 4.56 kg,which increased 0.46 kg compared to that in 1980.The main wool fineness was 66 and 70,however in 1980,it was 64.Based on genetic basis of Gansu Alpine Sheep,several new species were cultivated including Chinese Merino,high quality wool strain,mutton-type group,super-fine-wool strain of Gansu Alpine Merino.