南阳黑猪和大白猪脂肪酸分析及其综合评价

试验旨在研究南阳黑猪脂肪酸组成及含量，以期为中国地方猪种遗传资源的保护及开发利用提供理论依据。以南阳黑猪和大白猪为研究对象，每品种猪各12头，测量背最长肌脂肪酸含量及种类，以脂肪酸种类及数量、单不饱和脂肪酸（monounsaturated fatty acid，MUFA）、多不饱和脂肪酸（polyunsaturated fatty acid，PUFA）、饱和脂肪酸（saturated fatty acid，SFA）、12-16碳饱和脂肪酸（饱和脂肪酸1，SFA1）、其他饱和脂肪酸（饱和脂肪酸2，SFA2）、不饱和脂肪酸（unsaturated fatty acids，UFA）、SFA2/SFA1、PUFA/MUFA、必需脂肪酸（essential fatty acid，EFA）、共轭亚油酸（conjugated linoleic acids，CLA）、PUFA/SFA、ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA等为指标，从营养、健康、风味及储存方面综合评价两个猪种猪肉脂肪酸品质。结果显示，两个猪种背最长肌中共检出30种脂肪酸，其中23种脂肪酸在两个猪种间有显著或极显著差异（P<0.05；P<0.01）；除SFA2/SFA1和ω-6 PUFA /ω-3 PUFA外，南阳黑猪其他指标均高于大白猪；SFA1、MUFA、PUFA、SFA、UFA、UFA/SFA、SFA2/SFA1、PUFA/MUFA、EFA、CLA、PUFA/SFA、ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA 11个指标在两个猪种间存在显著或极显著差异（P<0.05；P<0.01），SFA2和PUFA/MUFA在两个猪种间无显著差异（P>0.05）。综合以上结果，南阳黑猪肌肉脂肪酸品质总体优于大白猪。

Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Fatty Acid in Nanyang Black Pig and Large White Pig

The experiment was carried out to study the composition and contents of fatty acids of Nanyang Black pig, and to provide a theoretical basis for the protection and exploitation of local pig genetic resources in China. 12 Nanyang Black pigs and 12 Large White pigs were chosen, and the composition and contents of fatty acids in longissimus dorsi muscle were measured, and the quality of fatty acids was comprehensive evaluated from nutrition, health, flavor and storage aspects. Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), 12-16 carbon saturated fatty acids (SFA1), other saturated fatty acids (SFA2), unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), saturated fatty acids (SFA), SFA2/SFA1, MUFA/PUFA, essential fatty acid (EFA), conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), PUFA/SFA and ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA were used as the indexes of multiple comparison. The results showed that there were 30 kinds of fatty acids were detected and 23 of them had significant or extremely significant differences between the two pig breeds (P<0.05;P<0.01). Nanyang Black pig had higher values of above measured indexes than that of Large White pig in addition to SFA2/SFA1 and ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA. 11 indexes such as SFA1,MUFA,PUFA,SFA,UFA, UFA/SFA,SFA2/SFA1,PUFA/MUFA, EFA,CLA, PUFA/SFA and ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA differed significantly or extremely significantly between the two pig breeds (P<0.05;P<0.01), while SFA2 and PUFA/MUFA had no significant differences between the two pig breeds (P>0.05). In conclusion, the fatty acids of Nanyang Black pig were significantly better than that of Large White pig.