黑水虻的生物学特性及在家禽生产中的应用研究进展

随着人民生活水平的提高,饮食消费需求加大,畜禽养殖业得以迅速发展,随之而来的是国内饲料资源尤其是蛋白资源变得更加紧缺。在国外蛋白原料产量高、价格低的情况下,中国饲料业生产过度依赖进口,为了促进国内外饲料贸易的均衡发展,同时降低饲料成本,优化饲料生产结构,寻找和开发新型蛋白饲料资源是目前养殖业亟需解决的艰巨任务之一。昆虫是一种生产资源,其蛋白质含量丰富,可替代部分蛋白饲料资源,如今昆虫饲料资源化逐渐成为研究热点。黑水虻作为一种应用前景广阔的资源型昆虫,具有繁殖快、食性杂、抗逆性强等特点,富含蛋白质、脂肪,并含有抗菌肽、甲壳素、月桂酸等活性物质,常应用于养殖生产。黑水虻替代饲粮中的蛋白质原料能够提高家禽生产性能、改善产品品质和肠道健康、增强机体免疫功能,且有对家禽粪便进行资源化利用等作用。作者综述了黑水虻的生物学特性、营养特性及其对家禽生产应用的影响,以期为黑水虻的进一步资源化开发利用及其在家禽生产中的作用机理及标准化应用研究提供参考依据。

Research Progress on Biological Characteristics of Hermetia illucens L. and Its Application in Poultry Production

With the improvement of people’s living standard and the increase of dietary consumption demand,the livestock and poultry breeding industry has been able to develop rapidly,which resulted in the increasing shortage of domestic feed resources,especially protein resources.With the high production and low price of foreign protein raw materials,China’s feed industry is overly dependent on imports for production.In order to promote the balanced development of domestic and foreign feed trade,as well as to reduce feed costs and optimise feed production structure,finding and developing new protein feed resources is one of the difficult tasks that need to be solved urgently in the breeding industry.Insects are a kind of productive resource with rich protein content,which can replace some protein feed resources.Nowadays,insect feed resources are gradually becoming a research hotspot.As a kind of resource insects with wide application prospects, Hermetia illucens L.has the characteristics of fast reproduction,mixed feeding and strong resistance,rich in protein and fat,and contains active substances such as antibacterial peptides,chitin and lauric acid,which are often used in breeding production.The use of Hermetia illucens L.as a protein substitute in the diet can improve the production performance of poultry,product quality,intestinal health and immune function,and also have the role of resource utilization of poultry manure.The author reviewed the biological and nutritional characteristics of Hermetia illucens L.and its impact on poultry production and application,so as to provide a reference basis for further resource exploitation and research on the mechanism of action and standardised application of Hermetia illucens L.in poultry production.